PLS 101 Final Exam
Amendments protecting the accused - correct answer ✔✔"Due process of the law"
Bill of rights - correct answer ✔✔Imposes limits on the control the national government has over
individuals but does not do the same for state government
Civil liberties - correct answer ✔✔Specific individual rights that are constitutionally protected against
government infringement: Speech, self-incrimination
Clear and present danger test - correct answer ✔✔means by which the supreme court has distinguished
between speech as the advocacy of ideas and speech as incitement
Due process - correct answer ✔✔Legal protections that are designed to ensure individual rights are
respected by the government
Establishment clause - correct answer ✔✔1st clause in the 1st amendment, forbids government
establishment of religion
Exclusionary rule - correct answer ✔✔Evidence obtained in an illegal search and seizure cannot be used
in trial
Free-expression clause - correct answer ✔✔Freedom of press and speech, 1st amendment
Free-exercise clause - correct answer ✔✔2nd clause of the 1st amendment, prevents government from
interfering with the exercise of religion
Habeas Corpus - correct answer ✔✔Legal doctrine that says a person who is arrested must have a timely
hearing before a judge
, Incorporation - correct answer ✔✔Interpreting the "due process clause" of the 14th amendment as
containing provisions of the bill of rights
Lemon test - correct answer ✔✔Must have a secular purpose, must not advance or inhibit religion, must
not entangle the government in religion
Libel - correct answer ✔✔Publication of material that falsely damages a person's reputation
Miranda Rights - correct answer ✔✔Statements police are required to make to a person before they are
subject to in-custody questioning
Prior restraint - correct answer ✔✔Government prohibition of speech or publication before the fact
Public figures - correct answer ✔✔People who assume roles of prominence in society and thrust
themselves to the fore front of public controversy
Right to privacy - correct answer ✔✔Right to be left alone; 1st, 3rd, 4th, 9th, and 14th amendments
Selective incorporation - correct answer ✔✔most, but not all, protections in the bill of rights are made
applicable to the states via the 14th amendment
Slander - correct answer ✔✔Spoken words that falsely damage one's reputation
Symbolic speech - correct answer ✔✔Expression of an idea or viewpoint through an action
Time, place, and manner restrictions - correct answer ✔✔Rules on speech to prevent disruptions or
safety threats
Affirmative action - correct answer ✔✔Wide range of programs aimed at expanding opportunities for
women and minority groups
Amendments protecting the accused - correct answer ✔✔"Due process of the law"
Bill of rights - correct answer ✔✔Imposes limits on the control the national government has over
individuals but does not do the same for state government
Civil liberties - correct answer ✔✔Specific individual rights that are constitutionally protected against
government infringement: Speech, self-incrimination
Clear and present danger test - correct answer ✔✔means by which the supreme court has distinguished
between speech as the advocacy of ideas and speech as incitement
Due process - correct answer ✔✔Legal protections that are designed to ensure individual rights are
respected by the government
Establishment clause - correct answer ✔✔1st clause in the 1st amendment, forbids government
establishment of religion
Exclusionary rule - correct answer ✔✔Evidence obtained in an illegal search and seizure cannot be used
in trial
Free-expression clause - correct answer ✔✔Freedom of press and speech, 1st amendment
Free-exercise clause - correct answer ✔✔2nd clause of the 1st amendment, prevents government from
interfering with the exercise of religion
Habeas Corpus - correct answer ✔✔Legal doctrine that says a person who is arrested must have a timely
hearing before a judge
, Incorporation - correct answer ✔✔Interpreting the "due process clause" of the 14th amendment as
containing provisions of the bill of rights
Lemon test - correct answer ✔✔Must have a secular purpose, must not advance or inhibit religion, must
not entangle the government in religion
Libel - correct answer ✔✔Publication of material that falsely damages a person's reputation
Miranda Rights - correct answer ✔✔Statements police are required to make to a person before they are
subject to in-custody questioning
Prior restraint - correct answer ✔✔Government prohibition of speech or publication before the fact
Public figures - correct answer ✔✔People who assume roles of prominence in society and thrust
themselves to the fore front of public controversy
Right to privacy - correct answer ✔✔Right to be left alone; 1st, 3rd, 4th, 9th, and 14th amendments
Selective incorporation - correct answer ✔✔most, but not all, protections in the bill of rights are made
applicable to the states via the 14th amendment
Slander - correct answer ✔✔Spoken words that falsely damage one's reputation
Symbolic speech - correct answer ✔✔Expression of an idea or viewpoint through an action
Time, place, and manner restrictions - correct answer ✔✔Rules on speech to prevent disruptions or
safety threats
Affirmative action - correct answer ✔✔Wide range of programs aimed at expanding opportunities for
women and minority groups
