RVT (URR) QUESTIONS WITH PASSED ANSWERS!!

Aortic Ectasia - ️️lack of tapering of the aorta as it travels distally, size remains constant from proximal to distal portions 3 layers of an artery - ️️1. tunica intima 2. tunica media 3. tunic adventitia/externa Waveforms associated with coarctation of the aorta? (Distally and in abdominal aorta) - ️️Decreased flow distal to the obstruction, monophasic flow with continuous flow in diastole in the abdominal aorta Bovine Arch - ️️2 branch arch formation: the innominate and left CCA ae combined and the left subclavian is the second branch of the arch coarctation of the aorta - ️️congenital narrowing of the aorta Where does coarctation of the aorta normally occur? - ️️distal to the origin of the left subclavian Takayasu arteritis - ️️presents as hypertrophic area(s) of inflamed of tissue usually found in the aorta and its branches Tunica intima - ️️inner layer endothelial cells Tunica media - ️️middle layer, muscle layer, thicker and more organized layer in arteries tunica adventitia (externa) - ️️outer layer, epithelial cells, connective tissue Where does the ascending aorta arise? - ️️Left ventricle What is the first branch of the ascending aorta? - ️️coronary arteries At what level does the aortic arch start and end? - ️️level of the innominate artery and extends distal to the left subclavianWhat are the branches of the aortic arch? - ️️1. innominate artery 2. left common carotid 3. left subclavian What is the most common anatomic variation of the aortic arch? - ️️Bovine arch Descending abdominal aorta is found - ️️below the diaphragm Descending thoracic aorta is found - ️️above the diaphragm Common iliac artery originates - ️️aortic bifurcation at L3 or L4, umbilicus level What does the CIA bifurcate into - ️️external and internal Iliac arteries (EIA) What type of flow is found in the CIA? - ️️high resistance IIA AKA - ️️internal iliac artery, hypogastric artery How does the IIA travel - ️️Medially What does the IIA supply - ️️pelvic organs How does the EIA travel - ️️travels laterally to pass through the inguinal ligament to become the common femoral artery Normal measurements for PROX, MID and DIST aorta - ️️prox 2.0-2.6cm mid 1.6-2.4cm dist 1.1-2.0cm what is normal measurement of the iliacs - ️️.6-1.4 cm Average velocity of the aorta - ️️70-100 cm/s Aorta waveform characteristics - ️️-high resistance -biphasic above the renal arteries due to numerous low resistance branches -resistance in the aorta increases as flow moves distally -triphasic below renal arteries What most commonly causes a AAA - ️️degenerative disease, caused by breakdown of the media and adventitia layer of the wallSymptoms of a AAA - ️️pulsatile abdominal mass, low back pain, abdominal bruit Family HX of AAA increases your chances by - ️️4 times Immediate family HX of AAA increases your chances by - ️️12 times >60% of patients with a _____________ with have a AAA - ️️popliteal aneurysm Symptoms of a ruptured AAA - ️️severe abdominal pain, hypotension, shock, death Most common location of AAA - ️️Infrarenal segment Fusiform Aneurysm - ️️vessel wall stretches in a circumferential manner, all 3 layers intact Saccular Aneurysm - ️️formed with a stalk connecting dilated wall portion to main vessel, usually associated with wall dissection Berry Aneurysm - ️️tiny outpouching, usually found in cerebrum/circle of willis, usually congenital Mycotic Aneurysm - ️️due to infection in the artery and the arterial wall, syphilis most common Vasculitis - ️️due to inflammatory process of vasa vasorum and tunica adventitia What are the 5 types of AAA - ️️1. Saccular 2. Fusiform 3. Berry 4. Mycotic 5. Vasculitis What is the most reliable measurement when assessing AAA - ️️AP diameter (LONG) Surgical intervention in a AAA happens when - ️️Above the renal arteries, below the renal arteries measuring over 5.5cm