CAMPBELL BIOLOGY FINAL EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
Species - answer-group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile
offspring
Population - answer-group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area
Autotroph - answer-organism that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and
use it to produce its own food from inorganic compounds; also called a producer
Producer - answer-organism that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and
use it to produce food from inorganic compounds; also called an autotroph
Photosynthesis - answer-process by which plants and some other organisms use light
energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high-energy carbohydrates
such as sugars and starches
Chemosythesis - answer-process by which some organisms, such as certain bacteria,
use chemical energy to produce carbohydrates
Heterotroph - answer-organism that obtains energy from the foods it consumes; also
called a consumer
Consumer - answer-organism that relies on other organisms for its energy and food
supply; also called a heterotroph
Herbivore - answer-organism that obtains energy by eating only plants
Carnivore - answer-organism that obtains energy by eating animals
Detritivore - answer-organism that feeds on plant and animal remains and other dead
matter
Decomposer - answer-organism that breaks down and obtains energy from dead
organic matter
Food chain - answer-series of steps in an ecosystem in which organisms transfer
energy by eating and being eaten
Phytoplankton - answer-population of algae and other small, photosynthetic organisms
found near the surface of the ocean and forming part of plankton
, Food vacuole - answer-small cavity in the cytoplasm of protists that temporarily stores
food
Cilium - answer-short hairlike projection similar to a flagellum; produces movement in
many cells
Conjugation - answer-form of sexual reproduction in which paramecia and some
prokaryotes exchange genetic information
Prokaryote - answer-unicellular organism lacking a nucleus
Bacillus - answer-rod-shaped prokaryote
Coccus - answer-spherical prokaryote
Spirillum - answer-spiral or corkscrew-shaped prokaryote
Chemoheterotroph - answer-organism that must take in organic molecules for both
energy and carbon
Photoautotroph - answer-organism that uses energy from sunlight to convert carbon
dioxide and water to carbon compounds
Obligate aerobe - answer-organism that requires a constant supply of oxygen in order to
live
Obligate anaerobe - answer-organism that cannot live in the presence of oxygen
Facultative anaerobe - answer-organism that can survive with or without oxygen
Binary fission - answer-type of asexual reproduction in which an organism replicates its
dna and divides in half, producing two identical daughter cells
Conjugation - answer-form of sexual reproduction in which paramecia and some
prokaryotes exchange genetic information
Endospore - answer-type of spore formed when a bacterium produces a thick internal
wall that encloses its dna and a portion of its cytoplasm
Pathogen - answer-disease-causing agent
Vaccine - answer-a preparation of weakened or killed pathogens
Antibiotic - answer-compound that blocks the growth and reproduction of bacteria
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
Species - answer-group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile
offspring
Population - answer-group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area
Autotroph - answer-organism that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and
use it to produce its own food from inorganic compounds; also called a producer
Producer - answer-organism that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and
use it to produce food from inorganic compounds; also called an autotroph
Photosynthesis - answer-process by which plants and some other organisms use light
energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high-energy carbohydrates
such as sugars and starches
Chemosythesis - answer-process by which some organisms, such as certain bacteria,
use chemical energy to produce carbohydrates
Heterotroph - answer-organism that obtains energy from the foods it consumes; also
called a consumer
Consumer - answer-organism that relies on other organisms for its energy and food
supply; also called a heterotroph
Herbivore - answer-organism that obtains energy by eating only plants
Carnivore - answer-organism that obtains energy by eating animals
Detritivore - answer-organism that feeds on plant and animal remains and other dead
matter
Decomposer - answer-organism that breaks down and obtains energy from dead
organic matter
Food chain - answer-series of steps in an ecosystem in which organisms transfer
energy by eating and being eaten
Phytoplankton - answer-population of algae and other small, photosynthetic organisms
found near the surface of the ocean and forming part of plankton
, Food vacuole - answer-small cavity in the cytoplasm of protists that temporarily stores
food
Cilium - answer-short hairlike projection similar to a flagellum; produces movement in
many cells
Conjugation - answer-form of sexual reproduction in which paramecia and some
prokaryotes exchange genetic information
Prokaryote - answer-unicellular organism lacking a nucleus
Bacillus - answer-rod-shaped prokaryote
Coccus - answer-spherical prokaryote
Spirillum - answer-spiral or corkscrew-shaped prokaryote
Chemoheterotroph - answer-organism that must take in organic molecules for both
energy and carbon
Photoautotroph - answer-organism that uses energy from sunlight to convert carbon
dioxide and water to carbon compounds
Obligate aerobe - answer-organism that requires a constant supply of oxygen in order to
live
Obligate anaerobe - answer-organism that cannot live in the presence of oxygen
Facultative anaerobe - answer-organism that can survive with or without oxygen
Binary fission - answer-type of asexual reproduction in which an organism replicates its
dna and divides in half, producing two identical daughter cells
Conjugation - answer-form of sexual reproduction in which paramecia and some
prokaryotes exchange genetic information
Endospore - answer-type of spore formed when a bacterium produces a thick internal
wall that encloses its dna and a portion of its cytoplasm
Pathogen - answer-disease-causing agent
Vaccine - answer-a preparation of weakened or killed pathogens
Antibiotic - answer-compound that blocks the growth and reproduction of bacteria
