HUN1201 Exam2 Study Guide with Complete Solutions

HUN1201 Exam2 Study Guide with Complete Solutions Lipids - Answer️️ --Molecules that are insoluble in water. -Three types What are the three types of Lipids - Answer️️ --triglycerides -phospholipids -sterols Triglycerides - Answer️️ -3 fatty acid molecules + 1 glycerol molecule Fatty acids - Answer️️ -Long chains of carbon atoms bound to each other as well as to hydrogen atoms glycerol - Answer️️ -An alcohol composed of three carbon atoms; it is the backbone of a triglyceride molecule Short-Chain fatty acids - Answer️️ -fatty acids fewer than six carbon atoms in length Medium-Chain fatty acids - Answer️️ -Fatty acids that are six to twelve carbon atoms in length Long-Chain fatty acids - Answer️️ -Fatty acids that are fourteen or more carbon atoms in length Saturated fatty acids(SFAs) - Answer️️ -Fatty acids that have no carbons joined together with a double bond;generally solid at room temperature ©SOPHIABENNETT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR 7:59 PM Page | 2 Monounsaturated fatty acids(MUFAs) - Answer️️ -Fatty acids that have two carbons in the chain bound to each other with one double bond in the chain; generally liquid at room temperature Polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFAs) - Answer️️ -Fatty acids that have more than one double bond in the chain; generally liquid at room temperature Hydrogenation - Answer️️ -Hydrogen atoms are added to unsaturated fatty acids Essential fatty acids - Answer️️ -Cannot be made by the body, must be obtained from food Name the essential fatty acids that cannot be made by the body? - Answer️️ --Linoleic acid (omega-6) -alpha-Linoleic acid(omega-3) What are some sources of omega 3 and 6? - Answer️️ --omega 6 is found in vegetable and nut oils -omega 3 is found in vegetables, soy, flaxseeds, walnuts What can hydrogenation do to food? - Answer️️ -It reduces the oxidation allowing the food to have a longer shelf life. What is the negative affect of hydrogenation? - Answer️️ -Creates trans fatty acids and increase risk of cardiovascular disease Structure of Linoleic acid - Answer️️ - Structure of alpha-Linoleic acid - Answer️️ - Functions of omega 3 - Answer️️ --Reduce risk of diseases -regulate prostaglandins and thromboxane-> reduce inflammatory responses ©SOPHIABENNETT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR 7:59 PM Page | 3 -reduce blood clotting and plasma triglycerides Functions of omega 6 - Answer️️ -- helps with lipid digestion Phospholipids - Answer️️ -Glycerol backbone + 2 fatty acids + phosphate Function of phospholipids - Answer️️ -Transport fat in the bloodstream Sterols - Answer️️ -Contain multiple rings of carbon atoms Sources of sterols and function - Answer️️ -Nuts, seeds, and legumes-> block absorption Forms of sterols - Answer️️ -Sex hormones, Vit.D, bile, cholesterol Where does majority of fat digestion occur? - Answer️️ -Small intestine List the fat digestion - Answer️️ -1) cholecystokinin (CCK) and secretin-> gallbladder contractions release bile 2)bile is produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder 3)bile emulsifies fat into small droplets 4)pancreatic enzymes break fat into two fatty acids and a m