1 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+
NCE Questions & 100% Correct Answers
Experimental Research
✓ ~~> Experimental Research is the process of gathering data in order
to make evaluative comparisons regarding different situations.
Experiment
✓ ~~> The Experiment is the most valuable type of research it is used to
discover cause-and-effect relationships
How many individual participants do you need to conduct a "true"
experiment?
✓ ~~> To conduct a "true" experiment you needs 30 individual
participants.
How many individual participants do you need to conduct Correlational
research?
✓ ~~> To conduct correlational research you needs 30 subjects per
variable.
Quasi-experiment
Master01 | September, 2024/2025 | Latest update
, 2 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+
✓ ~~> A Quasi-experiment uses PRE-EXISTING groups, so the
independent variable (IV) cannot be altered (i.e. gender or ethnicity),
& cannot state with any statistical confidence that the IV caused the
dependent variable (DV).
What type of experiment is a correlational research, and what does it tell us
about cause and effect?
✓ ~~> Correlational research is a Quasi-experimental and does not yield
cause-effect data.
What do correlational studies tell us about the relationship between
variables?
✓ ~~> Since correlational research is Quasi-experimental, it only shows a
positive or negative relationship between the variables, but does not
yield cause-effect data.
Parsimony
✓ ~~> Parsimony (aka Occam's Razor) refers to the practice of
interpreting the results in the simplest ways (Literally a tendency to be
miserly and not overspend.)
Occam's Razor
Master01 | September, 2024/2025 | Latest update
, 3 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+
✓ ~~> Occam's Razor (aka Parsimony) refers to the practice of
interpreting the results in the simplest ways (Literally a tendency to be
miserly and not overspend.)
Ex post facto study
✓ ~~> Ex post facto study is a type of quasi-experiment (literally means
'after the fact') connoting a correlational study in which preexisting
groups are utilized
Independent variable
✓ ~~> The Independent variable is the variable the researcher
manipulates, controls, alters, or wishes to experiment with. Memory
Device: 'I' manipulate the IV, or a hospital patient gets treatment form
IV)
Dependent variable
✓ ~~> The dependent variable expresses the outcome or the data
regarding factors one wants to measure. Memory Device: 'D' in
dependent signifies 'D' in data.
Validity
Master01 | September, 2024/2025 | Latest update
, 4 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+
✓ ~~> Validity is the extent or degree to which an idea/
conclusion/measurement/ score/ study is well-founded, measures what
it claims to measure, corresponds accurately to the real world &
answers the questions it is intended to answer. 'valid' in Latin meaning
strong, equivalent.
Internal Validity
✓ ~~> Internal validity 'in experiments' refers to whether the Dependent
Variables, 'DVs' , the data were truly influenced by the experimental
independent variables, 'IVs', treatment or if other factors impacted the
Data.
What are some examples of "Threats to internal validity"?
✓ ~~> Examples of threats to 'internal validity' or factors that reduce the
impact of tx on Data are 1. maturation of subjects, the psychological &
physical changes e.g. fatigue due to time involved, 2. 'mortality'
subjects withdrawing, 3. instruments used to measure the behavior or
trait, or 4. 'statistical regression' the notion that extremely high or low
scores would move toward the mean if utilized again.
External validity
Master01 | September, 2024/2025 | Latest update
NCE Questions & 100% Correct Answers
Experimental Research
✓ ~~> Experimental Research is the process of gathering data in order
to make evaluative comparisons regarding different situations.
Experiment
✓ ~~> The Experiment is the most valuable type of research it is used to
discover cause-and-effect relationships
How many individual participants do you need to conduct a "true"
experiment?
✓ ~~> To conduct a "true" experiment you needs 30 individual
participants.
How many individual participants do you need to conduct Correlational
research?
✓ ~~> To conduct correlational research you needs 30 subjects per
variable.
Quasi-experiment
Master01 | September, 2024/2025 | Latest update
, 2 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+
✓ ~~> A Quasi-experiment uses PRE-EXISTING groups, so the
independent variable (IV) cannot be altered (i.e. gender or ethnicity),
& cannot state with any statistical confidence that the IV caused the
dependent variable (DV).
What type of experiment is a correlational research, and what does it tell us
about cause and effect?
✓ ~~> Correlational research is a Quasi-experimental and does not yield
cause-effect data.
What do correlational studies tell us about the relationship between
variables?
✓ ~~> Since correlational research is Quasi-experimental, it only shows a
positive or negative relationship between the variables, but does not
yield cause-effect data.
Parsimony
✓ ~~> Parsimony (aka Occam's Razor) refers to the practice of
interpreting the results in the simplest ways (Literally a tendency to be
miserly and not overspend.)
Occam's Razor
Master01 | September, 2024/2025 | Latest update
, 3 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+
✓ ~~> Occam's Razor (aka Parsimony) refers to the practice of
interpreting the results in the simplest ways (Literally a tendency to be
miserly and not overspend.)
Ex post facto study
✓ ~~> Ex post facto study is a type of quasi-experiment (literally means
'after the fact') connoting a correlational study in which preexisting
groups are utilized
Independent variable
✓ ~~> The Independent variable is the variable the researcher
manipulates, controls, alters, or wishes to experiment with. Memory
Device: 'I' manipulate the IV, or a hospital patient gets treatment form
IV)
Dependent variable
✓ ~~> The dependent variable expresses the outcome or the data
regarding factors one wants to measure. Memory Device: 'D' in
dependent signifies 'D' in data.
Validity
Master01 | September, 2024/2025 | Latest update
, 4 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+
✓ ~~> Validity is the extent or degree to which an idea/
conclusion/measurement/ score/ study is well-founded, measures what
it claims to measure, corresponds accurately to the real world &
answers the questions it is intended to answer. 'valid' in Latin meaning
strong, equivalent.
Internal Validity
✓ ~~> Internal validity 'in experiments' refers to whether the Dependent
Variables, 'DVs' , the data were truly influenced by the experimental
independent variables, 'IVs', treatment or if other factors impacted the
Data.
What are some examples of "Threats to internal validity"?
✓ ~~> Examples of threats to 'internal validity' or factors that reduce the
impact of tx on Data are 1. maturation of subjects, the psychological &
physical changes e.g. fatigue due to time involved, 2. 'mortality'
subjects withdrawing, 3. instruments used to measure the behavior or
trait, or 4. 'statistical regression' the notion that extremely high or low
scores would move toward the mean if utilized again.
External validity
Master01 | September, 2024/2025 | Latest update
