ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY-MIDTERM EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Lispro - ANSWER Class: Rapid acting insulin for hyperglycemia
MOA: Onset 5 minutes; peaks 5 minutes; duration 4-5 hours
Aspart - ANSWER Class: Rapid acting insulin for hyperglycemia
MOA: Onset 5 minutes; peaks 5 minutes; duration 4-5 hours
Regular - ANSWER Class: Short acting insulin for hyperglycemia
MOA: Onset 30-45 minutes; peaks 3-4 hours; duration 4-10 hours
NPH - ANSWER Class: Intermediate insulin for hyperglycemia
MOA: Onset 30 minutes-1 hour; peaks 4-10 hours; duration 12-24 hours
Glargine - ANSWER Class: Long acting insulin for hyperglycemia
MOA: Onset 2-4 hours; does not have a peak, duration 24 hours
Detemir - ANSWER Class: Long acting insulin for hyperglycemia
MOA: Onset 2-4 hours; does not have a peak, duration 24 hours
Glipizide - ANSWER Class: Short acting Sulfonylurea for an insufficient production
of insulin in DM2
MOA: Stimulates insulin release form beta cells, all potentiate effects of ADH.
Glyburide - ANSWER Class: Sulfonylurea for an insufficient production of insulin in
DM2
MOA: Stimulates insulin release form beta cells, all potentiate effects of ADH.
Chlorpropamide - ANSWER Class: Sulfonylurea for an insufficient production of
insulin in DM2; off label for neurogenic DI
MOA: Stimulates insulin release form beta cells, all potentiate effects of ADH.
Metformin - ANSWER Class: Biguanide, first line drug for DM2
MOA: Decreases glucose production in liver, decreases GI glucose absorption and
improves insulin sensitivity by increasing peripheral glucose uptake and utilization;
does not stimulate insulin release for beta cells; inhibits platelet aggregation and
reduces blood viscosity.
Acarbose - ANSWER Class: Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitor; third-line for DM2 in
insulin resistant patients
MOA: Inhibits absorption of CHO in GI, lowers BG levels after meals
Miglitol - ANSWER Class: Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitor; third-line for DM2 in insulin
resistant patients
MOA: Inhibits absorption of CHO in GI, lowers BG levels after meals
Sitagliptin - ANSWER Class: Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitor for DM2
,MOA: Inhibits DPP4, breaks down GLP1 and GIP which are released in response to
a meal; leads to increase in secretion of insulin and suppresses the release of
glucagon by the pancreas; promotes pre and postprandial glucose levels.
Saxaglipin - ANSWER Class: Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitor for DM2
MOA: Inhibits DPP4, breaks down GLP1 and GIP which are released in response to
a meal; leads to increase in secretion of insulin and suppresses the release of
glucagon by the pancreas; promotes pre and postprandial glucose levels.
Exenatide - ANSWER Class: Glucagon Like Peptide 1 Agonist for DM2
MOA: Promotes insulin release from pancreatic beta cells in the presence of
elevated glucose concentrations.
Glucagon - ANSWER Class: Antidote to hypoglycemia or insulin overdose
MOA: Stimulates hepatic gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis, raised BG levels; BG
concentration rises within 10 minutes of injection and maximal concentrations are
attained at approximately 30 minutes after injection.
Levothyroxine - ANSWER Class: T4 thyroid hormone for hypothyroidism; first line
drug of choice for thyroid replacement and suppression therapy due to longer half-
life
MOA: Produce the same effects in the body as endogenous thyroid hormones.
Liothyronine - ANSWER Class: T3 thyroid hormone for hypothyroidism
MOA: Produce the same effects in the body as endogenous thyroid hormones.
Liotrix - ANSWER Class: Mix ratio (4:1) T4:T3 thyroid hormone for hypothyroidism
MOA: Produce the same effects in the body as endogenous thyroid hormones.
Propylthiouracil - ANSWER Class: Antithyroid agent
MOA: Blocks synthesis of thyroxine and triiodothyronine.
Methimazole - ANSWER Class: Antithyroid agent; first line drug
MOA: Blocks synthesis of thyroxine and triiodothyronine.
What is the first line drug for a patient with diabetes? - ANSWER Metformin, a
biguanide
What is the first line drug for a patient with hypothyroidism? - ANSWER
Levothyroxine, a thyroid hormone
What is the first line drug for a patient with hyperthryoidism? - ANSWER
Methimazole, an antithyroid agent
What is the first line drug for a pregnant patient with diabetes? - ANSWER Insulins
that are rapid or short acting that are hum- derivatives.
What should patients HbA1C levels be below? - ANSWER 6.5%
, Alendronate - ANSWER Class: Bisphosphanate used to treat osteoporosis and
Paget's dx
MOA: Inhibits osteoclastic activity, increases bone density.
Tiludronate - ANSWER Class: Bisphosphanate used to treat osteoporosis and
Paget's dx
MOA: Inhibits osteoclastic activity, increases bone density.
T or F: Amitriptylline will increase the concentration of norepinephrine in the synapse
- ANSWER True
T or F: Haloperidol is a high potency antipsychotic which blocks dopamine
receptors? - ANSWER True
T or F: Glipizide inhibits the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 enzyme? - ANSWER False
T or F: A decreased concentration of TSH is commonly treated with levothyroxine. -
ANSWER False
What is one long acting form of insulin? - ANSWER Glargine or Detemir
What is one short acting form of insulin? - ANSWER Regular
What is one rapid acting form of insulin? - ANSWER Lispro or Aspart
What is one intermediate acting form of insulin? - ANSWER NPH
What is the stimulant the releases norepinephrine and dopamine in the hypothalamic
feeding center to inhibit appetite? - ANSWER Diethylpropion or Phentermine
An anticonvulsant used in the treatment of tonic clonic or partial complex seizures? -
ANSWER Ethotoin or Phenytoin
The mechanism of action of Sertraline is ______. This drug is used to treat ______. -
ANSWER SSRI, inhibits the reuptake of serotonin and weak effects of
norepinephrine and dopamine; used to treat depression
A nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic drug is? - ANSWER Zolpiden or Eszopiclone
A benzodiazepine hypnotic drug is? - ANSWER Flurazepam, Temazepam, or
Triazolam
What are some common ADRs to insulin? - ANSWER Hypoglycemia and DKA
What drug would you use specifically for neurogenic diabetes insipidus? - ANSWER
Chlorpropamide
What are the three phases in the reproductive cycle? - ANSWER Follicular,
ovulation, and luteal
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Lispro - ANSWER Class: Rapid acting insulin for hyperglycemia
MOA: Onset 5 minutes; peaks 5 minutes; duration 4-5 hours
Aspart - ANSWER Class: Rapid acting insulin for hyperglycemia
MOA: Onset 5 minutes; peaks 5 minutes; duration 4-5 hours
Regular - ANSWER Class: Short acting insulin for hyperglycemia
MOA: Onset 30-45 minutes; peaks 3-4 hours; duration 4-10 hours
NPH - ANSWER Class: Intermediate insulin for hyperglycemia
MOA: Onset 30 minutes-1 hour; peaks 4-10 hours; duration 12-24 hours
Glargine - ANSWER Class: Long acting insulin for hyperglycemia
MOA: Onset 2-4 hours; does not have a peak, duration 24 hours
Detemir - ANSWER Class: Long acting insulin for hyperglycemia
MOA: Onset 2-4 hours; does not have a peak, duration 24 hours
Glipizide - ANSWER Class: Short acting Sulfonylurea for an insufficient production
of insulin in DM2
MOA: Stimulates insulin release form beta cells, all potentiate effects of ADH.
Glyburide - ANSWER Class: Sulfonylurea for an insufficient production of insulin in
DM2
MOA: Stimulates insulin release form beta cells, all potentiate effects of ADH.
Chlorpropamide - ANSWER Class: Sulfonylurea for an insufficient production of
insulin in DM2; off label for neurogenic DI
MOA: Stimulates insulin release form beta cells, all potentiate effects of ADH.
Metformin - ANSWER Class: Biguanide, first line drug for DM2
MOA: Decreases glucose production in liver, decreases GI glucose absorption and
improves insulin sensitivity by increasing peripheral glucose uptake and utilization;
does not stimulate insulin release for beta cells; inhibits platelet aggregation and
reduces blood viscosity.
Acarbose - ANSWER Class: Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitor; third-line for DM2 in
insulin resistant patients
MOA: Inhibits absorption of CHO in GI, lowers BG levels after meals
Miglitol - ANSWER Class: Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitor; third-line for DM2 in insulin
resistant patients
MOA: Inhibits absorption of CHO in GI, lowers BG levels after meals
Sitagliptin - ANSWER Class: Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitor for DM2
,MOA: Inhibits DPP4, breaks down GLP1 and GIP which are released in response to
a meal; leads to increase in secretion of insulin and suppresses the release of
glucagon by the pancreas; promotes pre and postprandial glucose levels.
Saxaglipin - ANSWER Class: Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitor for DM2
MOA: Inhibits DPP4, breaks down GLP1 and GIP which are released in response to
a meal; leads to increase in secretion of insulin and suppresses the release of
glucagon by the pancreas; promotes pre and postprandial glucose levels.
Exenatide - ANSWER Class: Glucagon Like Peptide 1 Agonist for DM2
MOA: Promotes insulin release from pancreatic beta cells in the presence of
elevated glucose concentrations.
Glucagon - ANSWER Class: Antidote to hypoglycemia or insulin overdose
MOA: Stimulates hepatic gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis, raised BG levels; BG
concentration rises within 10 minutes of injection and maximal concentrations are
attained at approximately 30 minutes after injection.
Levothyroxine - ANSWER Class: T4 thyroid hormone for hypothyroidism; first line
drug of choice for thyroid replacement and suppression therapy due to longer half-
life
MOA: Produce the same effects in the body as endogenous thyroid hormones.
Liothyronine - ANSWER Class: T3 thyroid hormone for hypothyroidism
MOA: Produce the same effects in the body as endogenous thyroid hormones.
Liotrix - ANSWER Class: Mix ratio (4:1) T4:T3 thyroid hormone for hypothyroidism
MOA: Produce the same effects in the body as endogenous thyroid hormones.
Propylthiouracil - ANSWER Class: Antithyroid agent
MOA: Blocks synthesis of thyroxine and triiodothyronine.
Methimazole - ANSWER Class: Antithyroid agent; first line drug
MOA: Blocks synthesis of thyroxine and triiodothyronine.
What is the first line drug for a patient with diabetes? - ANSWER Metformin, a
biguanide
What is the first line drug for a patient with hypothyroidism? - ANSWER
Levothyroxine, a thyroid hormone
What is the first line drug for a patient with hyperthryoidism? - ANSWER
Methimazole, an antithyroid agent
What is the first line drug for a pregnant patient with diabetes? - ANSWER Insulins
that are rapid or short acting that are hum- derivatives.
What should patients HbA1C levels be below? - ANSWER 6.5%
, Alendronate - ANSWER Class: Bisphosphanate used to treat osteoporosis and
Paget's dx
MOA: Inhibits osteoclastic activity, increases bone density.
Tiludronate - ANSWER Class: Bisphosphanate used to treat osteoporosis and
Paget's dx
MOA: Inhibits osteoclastic activity, increases bone density.
T or F: Amitriptylline will increase the concentration of norepinephrine in the synapse
- ANSWER True
T or F: Haloperidol is a high potency antipsychotic which blocks dopamine
receptors? - ANSWER True
T or F: Glipizide inhibits the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 enzyme? - ANSWER False
T or F: A decreased concentration of TSH is commonly treated with levothyroxine. -
ANSWER False
What is one long acting form of insulin? - ANSWER Glargine or Detemir
What is one short acting form of insulin? - ANSWER Regular
What is one rapid acting form of insulin? - ANSWER Lispro or Aspart
What is one intermediate acting form of insulin? - ANSWER NPH
What is the stimulant the releases norepinephrine and dopamine in the hypothalamic
feeding center to inhibit appetite? - ANSWER Diethylpropion or Phentermine
An anticonvulsant used in the treatment of tonic clonic or partial complex seizures? -
ANSWER Ethotoin or Phenytoin
The mechanism of action of Sertraline is ______. This drug is used to treat ______. -
ANSWER SSRI, inhibits the reuptake of serotonin and weak effects of
norepinephrine and dopamine; used to treat depression
A nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic drug is? - ANSWER Zolpiden or Eszopiclone
A benzodiazepine hypnotic drug is? - ANSWER Flurazepam, Temazepam, or
Triazolam
What are some common ADRs to insulin? - ANSWER Hypoglycemia and DKA
What drug would you use specifically for neurogenic diabetes insipidus? - ANSWER
Chlorpropamide
What are the three phases in the reproductive cycle? - ANSWER Follicular,
ovulation, and luteal
