Honors Biology Unit 2 Study Guide with
Questions and Correct Answers
Two main ideas contained in the cell theory ✅-cells come from other living cells via
reproduction
-cells are the basic unit of structure and function for all living things
The role the surface area plays in the exchange of materials between the cell and its
environment ✅for a cell: the membrane
-anything the enters or leaves the cell must pass across the cell membrane
Prokaryotic ✅-have nucleus
-DNA is in the cytoplasm
-found in single-celled organisms
-only organelles are ribosomes
Eukaryotic ✅-contain a nucleus
-DNA is in the nuclear membrane
-Found in multicellular organisms
-contain other organelles
Centrioles ✅rod-like structures made of microtubules; found in eukaryotic cells;
important in cell division (arrance spindles that pull chromosomes apart in in mitosis);
position of centrioles determine position of nucleus
Chloroplast ✅site of photosynthesis; photosynthesis occurs in the internal membrane
of the organelle
Cytoskeleton ✅framework of the cell that lends support and defines its shape; plays
important role in intercellular movement and movement of substances, also in cell
division
Golgi apparatus ✅processes and packages proteins; receives proteins from the rough
ER; packages the proteins into vesicles and sends them to the right place
Lysosomes ✅breaks down and recycles old molecules; have digestive enzymes that
break down old molecules into parts that can be recycled
Mitochondria ✅organelle in which energy is generated; cellular energy is produced;
provides energy needed to power chemical reactions; cellular respiration (produces
energy in the form of ATP)
Questions and Correct Answers
Two main ideas contained in the cell theory ✅-cells come from other living cells via
reproduction
-cells are the basic unit of structure and function for all living things
The role the surface area plays in the exchange of materials between the cell and its
environment ✅for a cell: the membrane
-anything the enters or leaves the cell must pass across the cell membrane
Prokaryotic ✅-have nucleus
-DNA is in the cytoplasm
-found in single-celled organisms
-only organelles are ribosomes
Eukaryotic ✅-contain a nucleus
-DNA is in the nuclear membrane
-Found in multicellular organisms
-contain other organelles
Centrioles ✅rod-like structures made of microtubules; found in eukaryotic cells;
important in cell division (arrance spindles that pull chromosomes apart in in mitosis);
position of centrioles determine position of nucleus
Chloroplast ✅site of photosynthesis; photosynthesis occurs in the internal membrane
of the organelle
Cytoskeleton ✅framework of the cell that lends support and defines its shape; plays
important role in intercellular movement and movement of substances, also in cell
division
Golgi apparatus ✅processes and packages proteins; receives proteins from the rough
ER; packages the proteins into vesicles and sends them to the right place
Lysosomes ✅breaks down and recycles old molecules; have digestive enzymes that
break down old molecules into parts that can be recycled
Mitochondria ✅organelle in which energy is generated; cellular energy is produced;
provides energy needed to power chemical reactions; cellular respiration (produces
energy in the form of ATP)
