TEST BANK For Karp’s Cell and Molecular Biology, 9th
Edition by Gerald Karp, Janet Iwasa
How many species are there? - ANSWER:Around 8.7 Million
Most living organisms have how many cells? - ANSWER:Most are single celled
organisms
Others, such as ourselves, are multicellular organisms in which groups of cells
perform specialized functions and are linked by intricate systems of communcation.
How many cells does a human body have? - ANSWER:10¹³
How are human cells generated? - ANSWER:The whole is generated from cell
division
What is the "vehicle" for hereditary information for organisms? - ANSWER:The cell,
which carries the hereditary information that defines the species.
And specified by this information, the cell includes machinery to gather raw
materials from the environment and to construct out of them a new cell in its own
image.
How long have living cells been evolving? - ANSWER:3.5 Billion years
Where do all living cell store their hereditary information? - ANSWER:In DNA.
What is DNA's Structure? - ANSWER:Double stranded molecules - long unbranched
paired polymer chains, called strands, twisted into a double helix made from the
same four monomers - A, T, C and G - and they are strung together in long linear
sequences that encodes the genetic information, just as the sequence of 1s and 0s
encode the information of a computer file.
Parts of a nucleotide? - ANSWER:sugar (dioxyribose) with a phosphate group
attached to it, and a nitrogen-containing base, which may be either adenine,
guanine, cytosine or thymine.
Each strands are liked via sugar-phosphate group linkages, creating a polymer chain
composed of repitive sugar-phosphate backbone with a series of bases protruding
from it.
Concept: A single isolated strand, can be, in principle added in any orgder, because
each links in the same way. - ANSWER:Basically, A will always go to T, C always to G
and the phosphates will always link to the sugar, etc.
, What are the bond between nucleotides on opposide strands? - ANSWER:Weak
hydrogen bonds - This allows the two DNA strands to be pulled apart without
breakage of their backbones.
Each strand can then serve as a template for the stnthesis of a fresh DNA strand
complementary to itself - a fresh copy, that is, of hereditary information.
The bonds between nucleotides on individual strands? - ANSWER:Strong covalent
bonds
DNA Replication - ANSWER:The process by which a copy of DNA ia made
What are the rates of cell replication in cells? - ANSWER:They are different and
depend on the type of cellWith different controls to start it or stop it, and different
auxiliary molecules to help it along.
How does DNA polymerization work? - ANSWER:DNA is the information store, and
templated polymerization is the way in which this information is copied throughout
the living world.
Transcription - ANSWER:Strands of DNA sequences are used as a template for the
synthesis of shorter molecules of the closerly related polymer RNA;
Copying of one strand of DNA into a complementary RNA sequence by the enzyme
RNA polymerase.
Later in the process of translation, many of these RNA molecules direct the synthesis
of polymers of a radically different chemical class - proteins.
Ribonucleic Acid - ANSWER:Polymer formed from covalently linked ribonucleotide
monomers.
It acts as the intermediate in the transfer of genetic information; they mainly serve
as mRNA to guide the synthesis of proteins according to the DNA.
Translation - ANSWER:Process by which the sequence of nucleotides in mRNA
molecule directs the incorporation of amino acids into protein. Occurs on a
ribosome.
RNA structure? - ANSWER:The backbone is formed of a slightly different sugar than
that of DNA - ribose instead of deoxyribose - and one of the four bases is slightly
different - uracil (U) in place of thymine; But the other three bases are all the same.
Being single stranded, their backbone is flexible, so that the polymer chain can bend
back on itself to allow one part of the molecular to form weak bonds with another
part of the same molecular.
Edition by Gerald Karp, Janet Iwasa
How many species are there? - ANSWER:Around 8.7 Million
Most living organisms have how many cells? - ANSWER:Most are single celled
organisms
Others, such as ourselves, are multicellular organisms in which groups of cells
perform specialized functions and are linked by intricate systems of communcation.
How many cells does a human body have? - ANSWER:10¹³
How are human cells generated? - ANSWER:The whole is generated from cell
division
What is the "vehicle" for hereditary information for organisms? - ANSWER:The cell,
which carries the hereditary information that defines the species.
And specified by this information, the cell includes machinery to gather raw
materials from the environment and to construct out of them a new cell in its own
image.
How long have living cells been evolving? - ANSWER:3.5 Billion years
Where do all living cell store their hereditary information? - ANSWER:In DNA.
What is DNA's Structure? - ANSWER:Double stranded molecules - long unbranched
paired polymer chains, called strands, twisted into a double helix made from the
same four monomers - A, T, C and G - and they are strung together in long linear
sequences that encodes the genetic information, just as the sequence of 1s and 0s
encode the information of a computer file.
Parts of a nucleotide? - ANSWER:sugar (dioxyribose) with a phosphate group
attached to it, and a nitrogen-containing base, which may be either adenine,
guanine, cytosine or thymine.
Each strands are liked via sugar-phosphate group linkages, creating a polymer chain
composed of repitive sugar-phosphate backbone with a series of bases protruding
from it.
Concept: A single isolated strand, can be, in principle added in any orgder, because
each links in the same way. - ANSWER:Basically, A will always go to T, C always to G
and the phosphates will always link to the sugar, etc.
, What are the bond between nucleotides on opposide strands? - ANSWER:Weak
hydrogen bonds - This allows the two DNA strands to be pulled apart without
breakage of their backbones.
Each strand can then serve as a template for the stnthesis of a fresh DNA strand
complementary to itself - a fresh copy, that is, of hereditary information.
The bonds between nucleotides on individual strands? - ANSWER:Strong covalent
bonds
DNA Replication - ANSWER:The process by which a copy of DNA ia made
What are the rates of cell replication in cells? - ANSWER:They are different and
depend on the type of cellWith different controls to start it or stop it, and different
auxiliary molecules to help it along.
How does DNA polymerization work? - ANSWER:DNA is the information store, and
templated polymerization is the way in which this information is copied throughout
the living world.
Transcription - ANSWER:Strands of DNA sequences are used as a template for the
synthesis of shorter molecules of the closerly related polymer RNA;
Copying of one strand of DNA into a complementary RNA sequence by the enzyme
RNA polymerase.
Later in the process of translation, many of these RNA molecules direct the synthesis
of polymers of a radically different chemical class - proteins.
Ribonucleic Acid - ANSWER:Polymer formed from covalently linked ribonucleotide
monomers.
It acts as the intermediate in the transfer of genetic information; they mainly serve
as mRNA to guide the synthesis of proteins according to the DNA.
Translation - ANSWER:Process by which the sequence of nucleotides in mRNA
molecule directs the incorporation of amino acids into protein. Occurs on a
ribosome.
RNA structure? - ANSWER:The backbone is formed of a slightly different sugar than
that of DNA - ribose instead of deoxyribose - and one of the four bases is slightly
different - uracil (U) in place of thymine; But the other three bases are all the same.
Being single stranded, their backbone is flexible, so that the polymer chain can bend
back on itself to allow one part of the molecular to form weak bonds with another
part of the same molecular.
