Rasmussen Pathophysiology Final Exam Questions with Complete Answers 2024

Rasmussen Pathophysiology Final Exam Questions with Complete Answers 2024 Which of the following would be a sign of right-sided Heart Failure? - Increased Urination - Peripheral Edema - Pulmonary Edema - Immunosuppression Peripheral Edema Which of the following are clinical manifestations of left-sided heart failure? (Select all that apply) - Jugular Vein Distention - Cough with Frothy Sputum - Crackles Auscultated in Lungs - Dyspnea - Cough with Frothy Sputum - Crackles auscultated in lungs - Dyspnea 0:05 / 0:18 Which medications would be used to treat a patient with heart failure? - Antibiotics and Steroids - Vitamin D and Calcium - Calcium Channel Blockers and Zafron - ACE Inhibitors and Beta-Blockers ACE inhibitors and Beta-Blockers Which of the following is often the cause of pulmonary embolism? - An autoimmune disorder - A venous blood clot from lower extremity - An increase in intracranial pressure - Hypotension - A venous blood clot from lower extremity Virchow's Triad contributes to pulmonary embolism formation. Virchow's Triad factors include all of the following except: - Venous Blood Stasis - Damage to the venous wall - Venous blood hypermobility - Increased blood coagulability Venous blood hypermobility How does unstable angina pectoris differ from stable angina pectoris? - Can only be diagnosed by changes in cardiac biomarkers - manifests in ECG changes only - Is not relieved by periods of rest - Not as serious as stable angina Not relieved by periods of rest Which of the following organs are primarily affected by poorly managed hypertension? - Bladder and Urethra - Brain and Skin - Heart and Kidneys - Stomach and Intestines Heart and Kidneys Management of hypertension involves multiple approaches including which of the following? - Dietary Modifications - Engaging in regular exercise routines - Prescribing diuretics and/or anti-hypertensives - All of the above All of the above When arterial blood pressure declines, the cells of the kidneys secrete a hormone called ___ to increase blood pressure and peripheral resistance. - Renin - Antidiuretic Hormone - Atrial Natriuretic - Erythropoietin Renin Which of the following are examples of complications of shock? (Select all that apply) - Multiple Organ Dysfunction - Acute Renal Failure - Clotting and Bleeding Disorders - Increased Cardiac Output - Multiple Organ Dysfunction - Acute renal failure - Clotting and Bleeding disorders What pathophysiological responses would you expect to find in a client who has anaphylactic shock? - Bronchodilation, Peripheral constriction, Decreased capillary permeability - Asthma, Deep vein thrombosis, hepatic encephalopathy - Bronchoconstriction, peripheral dilation, increased capillary permeability - Left-sided heart failure, pulmonary embolism, UTI Bronchoconstriction, Peripheral Dilation, Increased Capillary Permeability What is the cause of Cardiogenic Shock? - Severe Ventricular Dysfunction - Acute Blood Loss - Severe Atrial Dysfunction - Suppression of the Sympathetic Nervous System Severe ventricular dysfunction What is occurring in the body of clients with hypovolemic shock? - Inadequate stomach acid - Insufficient circulating blood volume - Insect bite or snake bites - Not taking enough diuretics Insufficient circulating blood volume Obstructive shock is due to a mechanical obstruction impeding blood flow. Cause of obstructive shock include all of the following except? - Spinal Cord Injury - Pulmonary Embolism - Cardiac Tamponade - Tension Pneumothorax Spinal Cord Injury Presentation of shock includes all of the following clinical findings except: - Altered level of consciousness - Hypotension - Mental Clarity - Tachycardia Mental Clarity Septic shock is a common cause of death in the ICU. What causes sepsis? - An overwhelming allergic reaction - Severe inflammatory response to pathogens - Unknown causes resulting in Hypertension - Poor nursing and health care provider interventions Severe inflammatory response to a pathogen Which of the following is a type of septic shock? - Cardiogenic Shock - Distributive Shock - Obstructive Shock - Hypovolemic Shock Distributive Shock A disease where the client often has shortened (genetic mutation) dystrophin strand resulting in small tears in the muscles as they are used resulted in muscle degeneration is called what? - Gower's Disease - Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy - Multiple Sclerosis - Fibromyalgia Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Homeostasis The maintenance of a constant, internal state. Allostasis The process where the body response to stressors in or to maintain homeostasis Allostatic Overload When chronic exposure exceeds the body's ability to cope Hypokalemia is Potassium less than 3.5 mEq/L Hyperkalemia is Potassium greater than 5.5 mEq/L Hypovolemia is A decrease in blood volume throughout the body Hydrostatic Pressure The pressure within a blood vessel that tends to push the water out of the vessel Mitochondria The organelle where most of the body's ATP (Energy) is made. Innate Immunity The immunity that is present before exposure and effective from birth Antibody a substance produced by the body that destroys or inactivates an antigen that has entered the body Cytotoxic T Cells A type of lymphocyte that kills infected body cells and cancer cells Histamine A chemical mediator stored in mast cells that triggers inflammatory processes and causes itching Interstitial Fluid "Liquid between the cells and the body" Fluid from the spaces around cells. It comes from substances that leak out of blood capillaries Pathogen A disease-causing agent Carcinoma Cancer that arose in the epithelial tissue of the skin or the lining of the internal organs Leukemia Cancer of white blood cells Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy Often an X-linked recessive disease seen more often in males A condition that causes a "Bamboo-spine" appearance that is in an inflammatory disease causing vertebrae to fuse is called what? Ankylosing Spondylitis Cellulitis Infection of the skin and soft tissues underneath Melanoma The most serious form of skin cancer. A tumor of melanin-forming cells Actinic Keratosis precancerous skin condition of horny tissue formation that results from excessive exposure to sunlight Erythema Redness of the skin (Superficial)