AICE 2024 Psychology Study Guide fully solved & updated(100- accuracy).

What are the two assumptions of the Social Approach? - Our behavior, cognitions, and emotions can be influenced by the actual, implied, or imagined presence of others - All of our behavior, cognitions, and emotions can be influenced by social contexts, social environments, and groups What are the two assumptions of the Learning Approach? - Each life begins as a 'blank slate': observable changes to our behavior can result from interactions with our environment - The processes of social learning, operant conditioning, and classical conditioning are the ways in which humans and animals learn. These processes involve stimulus response. (Experiences within our environment= Stimuli, effects on our behavior= response) Previous Play Next Rewind 10 seconds Move forward 10 seconds Unmute 0:00 / 0:15 Full screen Brainpower Read More What are the two assumptions of the Biological Approach? - Behavior, cognitions, and emotions can be explained in terms of the working of the brain and thee effects of hormones, genetics, and evolution - Similarities and differences between people can be understood in terms of biological factors and their interaction with other factors What are the two assumptions of the Cognitive Approach? - Similarities between the way people and computers process information - Individual differences in cognitive processes such as attention, language, thinking, and memory, which can help to explain our differing behaviors and emotions What was the Milgram study about? Obedience What was the Perry et al. study about? Personal Space What was the Piliavin et al. study about? Subway Samaritans What was the Bandura et al. study about? Aggression What was the Fagen et al. study about? Elephant Learning What was the Saavedra and Silverman study about? Button Phobia What was the Dement and Kleitman study about? Dreams What was the Hassett et al. study about? Monkey Toy Preference What was the Hölzel et al. study about? Brain Scans What was the Andrade study about? Doodling What was the baron-Cohen et al. study about? Eyes Test What was the Pozzolu et al. study about? Line-ups What is the Hypothesis of the Milgram (obedience) Study? 'Germans Are Different' What is the 'Germans Are Different' Hypothesis? The belief that the events of the Holocaust only happened because the Germans possessed defective traits that made them extremely obedient What is the Aim of the Milgram (Obedience) study? To investigate how obedient individuals would be to orders received from a person in authority, specifically how obedient they would be when they had to inflict harm on others. What is the research Method of the Milgram (Obedience) study? It is a Controlled Observation and Lab Experiment What is the Research Design of the Milgram (Obedience) study? It is Independent Groups What is the Sample of the Milgram (Obedience) study? -40 White Men - Ages 20-50 -Volunteer Sample (newspaper ad) - Wide range of backgrounds -In New Haven CT What was the Procedure for the Milgram (Obedience) study? - P's arrived to the lab and were introduced to the stooge - Stooge and P's drew for roles (Teacher and Learner) for an experiment of punishment on learning - Stooge was strapped to a chair and electrodes were attached as the P was brought into another room with shock generator -They gave the 'learner' an example shock - P's then started the 'memory' task (Reading word pairs to test for recognition) - Learner would make noises of pain prior to 300V and commented about his repeated heart problem - at 300V pounded on the wall - At 315V learner pounded again and then wasn't heard of for the rest of the test - it was completed when P's refused to continue after all of the prods or made it to 450V What was the Shock Generator in the Milgram (Obedience) study? rows of switches labeled with voltage readings ranging from 15V to 450V. they were also named with words ranging from 'moderate shock', 'danger: sever shock' and the final few switches being 'XXX' What were the Verbal Prods from the experimenters in the Milgram (Obedience) experiment? - "Please go on" - "Please Continue" - "The experiment requires that you continue" - "It is absolutely essential that you continue" - "You have no other choice, you must go on"