Sergeant Exam NFLST
14th ammendment - -due process of law
-Arrest - -intention, authority, custody
-Arrest warrant - -1. Name of the state
2. Who will execute the warrant (normally any peace officer of that state)
3. Person who will be arrested
4. Offense Committed
5. Date, time, place of occurrence
6. Name of victim
7. Description of Offense
-Mapp v. Ohio - -Established the exclusionary rule was applicable to the
states (evidence seized illegally cannot be used in court)
-Search Warrant Exceptions - -Consent, warrant, exigency, vehicle
inventory, incident to arrest, motor vehicle, plain view
-Chimel v. California (1969) - -search is valid of a person and area under
him immediate control form which he could produce a weapon or destroy
evidence
-Carroll v. U.S. (1925) - -movable vehicle rule
-Arizona v. Gant (2009) - -can search a vehicle when reasonable to believe
will find evidence of the offense. Only in passenger compartment.
-inductive reasoning - -factual and logical explanation of the crime
-deductive reasoning - -hypothesis
-neighborhood canvas - -helpful in about 20% of investigations
-vehicle canvas - -get description, location, plate of vehicles in the area with
description of anything suspicious ie blood, bullet holes, possible evidence.
-Primary v. secondary scenes - -primary is where first criminal act occurred,
secondary scenes are where all subsequent scenes occurred.
-Evidence in "open view" - -processed before other items/bodies to make
sure no undue damage is done to families by media or common talk.
, -3 kinds of evidence - -Corpus delicti evidence - evidence that is needed to
prove the commission of the crime
Associative - connects the suspect to the scene or victim/ or connects the
scene or victim to the suspect
Tracing - identification and location of the suspect such as a discarded ID at
the scene.
-Crime scene patterns (patterns or techniques used to search an area after
the boundary has been determined - -Spiral, Grid, Strip/line, Quadrant/ or
Zone, Pie/wheel
-Digital photography (far/medium/close) - -Orientation - far, Relationship -
medium, Identification - close, Comparison - close of evidence
-Class characteristics - -not completely original, like the print of a Nike shoe
-Individual characteristics - -fingerprints/footprints, etc.
-Residue prints - -prints left on a hard surface from a foot, shoe, or tire.
-Impressions - -prints left in something moldable like clay, dirt, snow, etc.
-Plastic prints - -prints left in something "tacky" like silly putty, fatty foods,
caulking
-Patent/contaminated/visible - -fingers contaminated with an oily substance
touch a clean surface
-Latent/invisible - -unseen or hidden prints that are developed to expose
them
-Forensic ondontology - -intersection of dentistry and criminal law, i.e. bite
mark analysis and identification.
-Signature - -The striations on a bullet after passing through the bore of the
barrel of a rifle or pistol
-Touch DNA - -small amounts of DNA evidence left from suspect skin
shavings after touching something.
-Handwriting samples - -15 to 20 samples should be collected from suspects
14th ammendment - -due process of law
-Arrest - -intention, authority, custody
-Arrest warrant - -1. Name of the state
2. Who will execute the warrant (normally any peace officer of that state)
3. Person who will be arrested
4. Offense Committed
5. Date, time, place of occurrence
6. Name of victim
7. Description of Offense
-Mapp v. Ohio - -Established the exclusionary rule was applicable to the
states (evidence seized illegally cannot be used in court)
-Search Warrant Exceptions - -Consent, warrant, exigency, vehicle
inventory, incident to arrest, motor vehicle, plain view
-Chimel v. California (1969) - -search is valid of a person and area under
him immediate control form which he could produce a weapon or destroy
evidence
-Carroll v. U.S. (1925) - -movable vehicle rule
-Arizona v. Gant (2009) - -can search a vehicle when reasonable to believe
will find evidence of the offense. Only in passenger compartment.
-inductive reasoning - -factual and logical explanation of the crime
-deductive reasoning - -hypothesis
-neighborhood canvas - -helpful in about 20% of investigations
-vehicle canvas - -get description, location, plate of vehicles in the area with
description of anything suspicious ie blood, bullet holes, possible evidence.
-Primary v. secondary scenes - -primary is where first criminal act occurred,
secondary scenes are where all subsequent scenes occurred.
-Evidence in "open view" - -processed before other items/bodies to make
sure no undue damage is done to families by media or common talk.
, -3 kinds of evidence - -Corpus delicti evidence - evidence that is needed to
prove the commission of the crime
Associative - connects the suspect to the scene or victim/ or connects the
scene or victim to the suspect
Tracing - identification and location of the suspect such as a discarded ID at
the scene.
-Crime scene patterns (patterns or techniques used to search an area after
the boundary has been determined - -Spiral, Grid, Strip/line, Quadrant/ or
Zone, Pie/wheel
-Digital photography (far/medium/close) - -Orientation - far, Relationship -
medium, Identification - close, Comparison - close of evidence
-Class characteristics - -not completely original, like the print of a Nike shoe
-Individual characteristics - -fingerprints/footprints, etc.
-Residue prints - -prints left on a hard surface from a foot, shoe, or tire.
-Impressions - -prints left in something moldable like clay, dirt, snow, etc.
-Plastic prints - -prints left in something "tacky" like silly putty, fatty foods,
caulking
-Patent/contaminated/visible - -fingers contaminated with an oily substance
touch a clean surface
-Latent/invisible - -unseen or hidden prints that are developed to expose
them
-Forensic ondontology - -intersection of dentistry and criminal law, i.e. bite
mark analysis and identification.
-Signature - -The striations on a bullet after passing through the bore of the
barrel of a rifle or pistol
-Touch DNA - -small amounts of DNA evidence left from suspect skin
shavings after touching something.
-Handwriting samples - -15 to 20 samples should be collected from suspects
