Barron/Elsevier CCRN practice test Questions and Answers well Explained Latest 2024/2025 Update 100% Correct.

How does COPD result in atrial fibrillation and predisposition to PEs? - COPD causes pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular hypertrophy, and right atrial enlargement. The right atrial enlargement causes stretching of the atrial tissue and frequently results in atrial dysrhythmias. SA blocks, second-degree AV block type I, and third-degree AV heart block at the level of the AV node would occur in _______________ occlusion - RCA (as seen in inferior wall MIs) There is (more/less) risk of burning of the skin with biphasic waveform defibrillation than with monophasic. - less Type I AV block, also called Wenckebach, is a block at the AV node, and the AV node is supplied by the ___________________ (in 90% of people) - Right Coronary Artery (RCA)... LCA in 10% of ppl Phenytoin inhibits _______ secretion - ADH Most episodes of aspiration result in (right/left) lung infiltrates. - Right Best indicator of GFR - urine creatinine clearance In a vented patient with status asthmaticus, check for _______________ - Auto-PEEP An increase in auto-PEEP is a sign of _________________. - Air trapping A patient with a flattened diaphragm on a Chest X-ray and decreased expiratory flow rate most likely has what type of disease? - obstructive pulmonary disease ____ and ______ are the two best P wave leads. - II and V1What is a manifestation of left atrial enlargement on an EKG in lead II? - wide, notched P waves Diphasic P waves in lead V1 on 12-lead EKG are abnormal/normal. - normal _________ is the earliest cardiac biomarker for a MI (elevated within 3hrs s/p MI) and is nonspecific. - myoglobin injection of a sclerosing agent into the pleural space and is used for pleural effusion - pleurodesis The__________ coronary artery supplies the bundle of His and bundle branches - LAD _____________ MIs may cause blocks of the bundle of His or bundle branches - anterior (LAD affected) the ____________ node is supplied by the RCA in 55% of ppl and LCA in 45% - sinus The skin changes associated with chronic peripheral arterial disease - pale and shiny what are the 6 Ps of acute arterial occlusion? - pain, pallor, pulselessness, paresthesia, paralysis, and polar (cold) adding too much air to a ETT cuff can cause overinflation and tracheal ______________. - necrosis What is the most common cause of death after vascular surgery? - myocardial infarction (MI) Because atherosclerosis does not occur in one vessel, patients requiring vascular surgery are likely also to have ___________________________. - CADThe first diagnostic test should be a CXR film for probable diagnosis. The film would reveal a widening mediastinum. An additional, more indicative finding would be calcified aortic knob with extension of the aortic wall. - dissecting aortic aneurysm A wide, notched P wave is an indication of ________ atrial enlargement. - left Left atrial enlargement causes the P wave to be wide (greater than 0.1 second) and notched. This sometimes is referred to as ___ __________. - P mitrale ___________ valve stenosis causes LA enlargement and wide, notched P Waves - mitral The anterolateral heart wall is supplied by the ______ coronary artery - left The SA node and the atrioventricular (AV) node are supplied by the ________ coronary artery in most hearts. - right second degree Type I AV block is located anatomically at the _____ node - AV Second degree AV block Type II is located anatomically at the ________________. - Bundle of His A third-degree AV heart block would have to be blocked above the bundle of His to have what kind of rhythm? - junctional escape The hypoxemia that results from COPD causes release of _______________ from the kidney, which stimulates release of red blood cells from the bone marrow and polycythemia - erythropoietin (EPO) ___________ are used primarily as antispasmodics in cath lab patients. - Nitrates(Widened/narrowed) pulse pressure is associated with aortic regurgitation - widened (Widened/narrowed) pulse pressure is associated with mitral regurgitation - narrowed mitral stenosis causes a (systolic/diastolic) murmur. - diastolic _____________ stenosis results in pinkish discoloration of the cheeks, aka "malar blush." - mitral stenosis _____________________ is the ability to noninvasively change one of several aspects of the function of a pacemaker, using a device placed over the pulse generator. - programmability ______________________________ ventilation, which flips the normal inspiration/expiration ratio to make inspiration longer than expiration, allows trapping of air in the lungs. This inadvertent PEEP is called auto-PEEP. - Pressure-controlled inverse ratio ventilation which electrolyte imbalances increase sensitivity to digitalis toxicity? - hypokalemia, hypercalcemia, and hypomagnesemia Stunned myocardium and intraoperative myocardial infarction more likely would cause an (increase/decrease) in PAOP. - increase (because of heart failure) Ideally, fibrinolytic therapy should be initiated within ____ minutes of the patient's arrival in the emergency department. - 30 The target organs of hypertension (most susceptible to changes in pressure and perfusion) - heart, brain, kidney, and retina______________________________ is ventilation without perfusion (also referred to as high ventilation/perfusion [V/Q] ratio). - alveolar dead space ______________________________ is perfusion without ventilation (also referred to as low V/Q ratio). - intrapulmonary shunt Which drug category is used to block the maladaptive sympathetic nervous system (SNS) innervation in heart failure? - beta blockers (BBs) hemodynamic parameters in a ventricular septal rupture (VSR) will include (increased/decreased) CO and (increased/decreased) SvO2. - increased CO; increased SvO2