ANTH 101 Prof. Leynse Unit 1 Study Guide
Modules 1-3
Anthropology - 8/27/20
● Anthropology is the study of the full scope of human diversity, past and present, and
the application of that knowledge to help people of different backgrounds better
understand one another.
● allow you to explore humanity's great cultural diversity;
● provide you the analytical tools necessary to better understand our world;
● deepen your understanding so that you may develop creative solutions for our shared
future.
● the Holistic Study of Human Cultures in all their complexity
● a "4-Fields" Approach:
■ Archaeology
■ Cultural Anthro
■ Linguistic Anthro
■ Biological/Physical Anthro
2. Archaeology - study of our human past
3. Armchair vs. verandah approach -
● Armchair:
● - not conducting own research
● Verandah:
● - leaving the safety of ones poarch to mingle with the local people
4. Bronislaw Malinowski - 9/15/20 ;
● father of fieldwork
● Across the Pacific Ocean, Bronisław Malinowski (1884–1942) went even further than
Boas in developing cultural anthropology’s research methods. Malinowski, a Polish
citizen who later became a leading figure in British anthropology, found himself stuck for
a year on the Trobriand Islands as a result of World War I.
5. Claude Levi-Strauss - (from google) A french anthropologist whose work was key in the
development of the theory of structuralism and structural anthropology.
6. Clifford Geertz - the key figure in this interpretivist approach; urged anthropologists to explore
culture primarily as a symbolic system in which even simple, seemingly straightforward actions
can convey deep meanings
7. Comparative approach - considers the life experiences of people in every part of the world,
comparing and contrasting cultural beliefs.
8. Cultural anthropology - the study of people’s communities, behaviors, beliefs, and institutions,
including how people make meaning as they live, work, and play together
● the study of human cultures
● ethnography(case study)- specific case study, going into details and focusing on
describing one culture
● ethnology(comparative)- take all ethnography?
● cultural borrowing/spread of ideas & objects
9. Cultural materialism - Marvin Harris, material conditions like technology and environment
determine patterns of social organizations
,10. Cultural relativism - 9/10/20 in hw section
● understanding a group's beliefs and practices within their own cultural context,
without making judgments
11. Culture - A system of knowledge, beliefs, patterns of behavior, artifacts, and institutions that
are created, learned, shared and contested by a group of people
12. Culture and personality - anthropologist who examine theoretical perspective that focuses on
culture as principal force in shaping personality of a society as well as on the role of personality
in the maintenance of cultural institutions
13. Culture shock - 9/10/20 in hw section
● a sense of disorientation caused by the overwhelmingly new and unfamiliar people
and experiences encountered every day
● Anthropologists might feel culture shock again when returning home bc everything is
so different
14. Diffusion - borrowing of cultural traits and patterns from other cultures- to explain apparent
similarities. spread of ideas and objects
15. Edward (E.B.) Tylor - (1832-1917) was considered an “armchair anthropologist” because he
did not conduct his own research.
16. Emic vs. etic - 9/10/20 in hw section
● Emic: description of local behavior and beliefs from the anthropologist's perspective in
ways that can be compared across cultures
● etic: the analysis and comparison of ethnographic data across cultures
○ Viewing the local community from the Anthropologist perspective as an
outsider
17. Empiricism - 9/10/20
● the practice of conducting studies through direct observation and objective description
18. Enculturation - 9/3/20;
● the process of learning culture; cultural info is transmitted
● culture learned & taught
● Enculturation is both informal and formal
● because culture is a shared experience, enculturation occurs through communication
and the establishment of patterns of behavior, or practice
● in this way, enculturation- like culture- is symbolic (using language and other symbols)
and patterned.
19. Ethnocentrism - 9/3/20;
● this is what anthropologist call the process of learning culture; judging one culture
based on another
20. Ethnographic fieldwork - 9/10/20 in hw section
● the unique set of practices that cultural anthropologists have developed to put people
first as we analyze how human societies work.
● A primary research strategy in cultural anthropology typically involves living and
interacting with a community of people over an extended period to better understand
their lives.
● Fieldwork experience is considered an essential part of an anthropologist's training
, 21. Ethnography - 9/3/20; is the study of people and culture- researcher observes society from
the POV of the subject and immerses themselves in another culture
● How do Anthropologist write ethnography?
○ polyvocality
○ reflexivity
○ tone and style
○ ethnographic authority
○ experiments in ethnographic writing
● How do anthropologists use ethnography?
○ Research
○ Applied anthropology
○ engaged anthropology
22. Ethnology - an approach to gathering data that investigates how local people think and how they
understand the world
23. Explicit culture - culture that people can talk about and are aware of
24. External cultural change - contact with people through migration, trade, marriage and other
interactions
25. Field notes - written observations and reflections on places, practices, events and interviews
26. Fieldwork - 9/10/20 in hw section
● How do anthropologists get started conducting fieldwork?
○ Preparation
○ Strategies
○ Mapping: the analysis of the physical and/or geographic space where fieldwork is
being conducted
○ analysis rapport
27. Four-field approach - these interrelated fields are biological anthropology, archeology, linguistic
anthropology, and cultural anthropology. Taken together, these represent a holistic approach for
examining the complexity of human origins and human culture, past and present.
● a "4-Fields" Approach:
1. Archaeology
2. Cultural Anthro
3. Linguistic Anthro
4. Biological/Physical Anthro
28. Franz Boas- 9/10/20
● holistic view: 4 fields,
● in person data collection,
● "salvage ethnography”
● cultural relativism
Modules 1-3
Anthropology - 8/27/20
● Anthropology is the study of the full scope of human diversity, past and present, and
the application of that knowledge to help people of different backgrounds better
understand one another.
● allow you to explore humanity's great cultural diversity;
● provide you the analytical tools necessary to better understand our world;
● deepen your understanding so that you may develop creative solutions for our shared
future.
● the Holistic Study of Human Cultures in all their complexity
● a "4-Fields" Approach:
■ Archaeology
■ Cultural Anthro
■ Linguistic Anthro
■ Biological/Physical Anthro
2. Archaeology - study of our human past
3. Armchair vs. verandah approach -
● Armchair:
● - not conducting own research
● Verandah:
● - leaving the safety of ones poarch to mingle with the local people
4. Bronislaw Malinowski - 9/15/20 ;
● father of fieldwork
● Across the Pacific Ocean, Bronisław Malinowski (1884–1942) went even further than
Boas in developing cultural anthropology’s research methods. Malinowski, a Polish
citizen who later became a leading figure in British anthropology, found himself stuck for
a year on the Trobriand Islands as a result of World War I.
5. Claude Levi-Strauss - (from google) A french anthropologist whose work was key in the
development of the theory of structuralism and structural anthropology.
6. Clifford Geertz - the key figure in this interpretivist approach; urged anthropologists to explore
culture primarily as a symbolic system in which even simple, seemingly straightforward actions
can convey deep meanings
7. Comparative approach - considers the life experiences of people in every part of the world,
comparing and contrasting cultural beliefs.
8. Cultural anthropology - the study of people’s communities, behaviors, beliefs, and institutions,
including how people make meaning as they live, work, and play together
● the study of human cultures
● ethnography(case study)- specific case study, going into details and focusing on
describing one culture
● ethnology(comparative)- take all ethnography?
● cultural borrowing/spread of ideas & objects
9. Cultural materialism - Marvin Harris, material conditions like technology and environment
determine patterns of social organizations
,10. Cultural relativism - 9/10/20 in hw section
● understanding a group's beliefs and practices within their own cultural context,
without making judgments
11. Culture - A system of knowledge, beliefs, patterns of behavior, artifacts, and institutions that
are created, learned, shared and contested by a group of people
12. Culture and personality - anthropologist who examine theoretical perspective that focuses on
culture as principal force in shaping personality of a society as well as on the role of personality
in the maintenance of cultural institutions
13. Culture shock - 9/10/20 in hw section
● a sense of disorientation caused by the overwhelmingly new and unfamiliar people
and experiences encountered every day
● Anthropologists might feel culture shock again when returning home bc everything is
so different
14. Diffusion - borrowing of cultural traits and patterns from other cultures- to explain apparent
similarities. spread of ideas and objects
15. Edward (E.B.) Tylor - (1832-1917) was considered an “armchair anthropologist” because he
did not conduct his own research.
16. Emic vs. etic - 9/10/20 in hw section
● Emic: description of local behavior and beliefs from the anthropologist's perspective in
ways that can be compared across cultures
● etic: the analysis and comparison of ethnographic data across cultures
○ Viewing the local community from the Anthropologist perspective as an
outsider
17. Empiricism - 9/10/20
● the practice of conducting studies through direct observation and objective description
18. Enculturation - 9/3/20;
● the process of learning culture; cultural info is transmitted
● culture learned & taught
● Enculturation is both informal and formal
● because culture is a shared experience, enculturation occurs through communication
and the establishment of patterns of behavior, or practice
● in this way, enculturation- like culture- is symbolic (using language and other symbols)
and patterned.
19. Ethnocentrism - 9/3/20;
● this is what anthropologist call the process of learning culture; judging one culture
based on another
20. Ethnographic fieldwork - 9/10/20 in hw section
● the unique set of practices that cultural anthropologists have developed to put people
first as we analyze how human societies work.
● A primary research strategy in cultural anthropology typically involves living and
interacting with a community of people over an extended period to better understand
their lives.
● Fieldwork experience is considered an essential part of an anthropologist's training
, 21. Ethnography - 9/3/20; is the study of people and culture- researcher observes society from
the POV of the subject and immerses themselves in another culture
● How do Anthropologist write ethnography?
○ polyvocality
○ reflexivity
○ tone and style
○ ethnographic authority
○ experiments in ethnographic writing
● How do anthropologists use ethnography?
○ Research
○ Applied anthropology
○ engaged anthropology
22. Ethnology - an approach to gathering data that investigates how local people think and how they
understand the world
23. Explicit culture - culture that people can talk about and are aware of
24. External cultural change - contact with people through migration, trade, marriage and other
interactions
25. Field notes - written observations and reflections on places, practices, events and interviews
26. Fieldwork - 9/10/20 in hw section
● How do anthropologists get started conducting fieldwork?
○ Preparation
○ Strategies
○ Mapping: the analysis of the physical and/or geographic space where fieldwork is
being conducted
○ analysis rapport
27. Four-field approach - these interrelated fields are biological anthropology, archeology, linguistic
anthropology, and cultural anthropology. Taken together, these represent a holistic approach for
examining the complexity of human origins and human culture, past and present.
● a "4-Fields" Approach:
1. Archaeology
2. Cultural Anthro
3. Linguistic Anthro
4. Biological/Physical Anthro
28. Franz Boas- 9/10/20
● holistic view: 4 fields,
● in person data collection,
● "salvage ethnography”
● cultural relativism
