TEST BANK For Dewit's Medical-Surgical Nursing, Concepts
and Practice, 4th Edition (Stromberg, 2023), Verified Chapters
1 - 49, Complete Newest Version
Acidosis - ANSWER: Excess acid or depletion of alkaline substances in the blood and
body tissues
Acidosis levels - ANSWER: pH below 7.35
Active Transport - ANSWER: Energy-requiring process that moves material across a
cell membrane against a concentration difference, active transport may move
substances from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration.
Aldosterone - ANSWER: "salt-retaining hormone" which promotes the retention of
Na+ by the kidneys. na+ retention promotes water retention, which promotes a
higher blood volume and pressure
Alkalosis - ANSWER: excess of alkaline or decrease of acid substances in the blood
and body fluids
Alkalosis - ANSWER: pH > 7.45
Anions - ANSWER: negatively charged ions
Cations - ANSWER: positively charged ions
antidiuretic hormone (ADH) - ANSWER: released by the posterior pituitary, controls
how much fluid leaves the body in the urine and causes reabsorption of water from
the kidney tubules
Ascites - ANSWER: abnormal accumulation of fluid within the peritoneal cavity
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) - ANSWER: released to stimulate renal vasodilation
when there's too much volume and suppress Aldosterone. Increases urinary output.
Congestive heart failure patients have high levels of ANP.
Carpopedal spasm (Trousseau Sign) - ANSWER: A spasm of the hand, thumbs, foot,
or toes that accompanies tetany.
Dehydration - ANSWER: water moves from the cells into interstitial and intravascular
spaces, this movement of water out of the cells causes:
Diffusion - ANSWER: process by which substances move across the membranes until
they are evenly distributed in the available space
, Edema associated with retention of water, sodium and chloride is: - ANSWER:
defined as an accumulation of freely moving interstitial fluid(fluid surrounding the
cells)
4 main causes of edema - ANSWER: increase in capillary hydrostatic pressure
a loss of plasma proteins
obstruction of lymphatic circulation
increase in capillary permeability
Electrolytes - ANSWER: minerals that carry electrical charges that help maintain the
body's fluid balance
Extracellular fluid (ECF) - ANSWER: body fluids located outside of cells, 1/3 of body's
total water, transports water, nutrients, oxygen, waste, etc, to and from the cells.
Regulated by renal, metabolic and neurologic factors, high in NA+ content
intracellular fluid - ANSWER: the fluid contained within cells
intravascular fluid - ANSWER: the fluid found within the blood vessels, contains large
amounts of proteins and electrolytes
transcellular fluid - ANSWER: The fluid that is contained within specialized body
compartments such as cerebrospinal, pleural, and synovial cavities, pericardial fluids,
aqueous humor, saliva, GI secretions, fluid in the urinary and lymphatics systems
interstitial fluid - ANSWER: Fluid on spaces surrounding the cells, High in NA+
content
Functions of water in the body - ANSWER: Transporting nutrients to cells and wastes
from cells
Transporting hormones, enzymes, blood platelets, and red and white blood cells
Serve as a medium for the enzymatic action of digestion
Helping maintain normal body temperature
Assists in maintenance of Hydrogen balance in the body
Filtration - ANSWER: movement of water and solutes through a semipermeable
membrane as a result of a pushing force on one side of the membrane. Occurs in the
kidney, where waste substances and excess water are eliminated
Hydrostatic pressure (HP) - ANSWER: pressure exerted by fluid within the capillaries,
HP causes fluid to press outward on the vessel
Hypercalcemia - ANSWER: an abnormally high level of calcium in the blood (serum
levels above 10.6mg/dl) can occur during lengthy periods of immobilization when
calcium is mobilized from the bone, or when an excess of Calcium or Vit D is taken
into the body.
and Practice, 4th Edition (Stromberg, 2023), Verified Chapters
1 - 49, Complete Newest Version
Acidosis - ANSWER: Excess acid or depletion of alkaline substances in the blood and
body tissues
Acidosis levels - ANSWER: pH below 7.35
Active Transport - ANSWER: Energy-requiring process that moves material across a
cell membrane against a concentration difference, active transport may move
substances from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration.
Aldosterone - ANSWER: "salt-retaining hormone" which promotes the retention of
Na+ by the kidneys. na+ retention promotes water retention, which promotes a
higher blood volume and pressure
Alkalosis - ANSWER: excess of alkaline or decrease of acid substances in the blood
and body fluids
Alkalosis - ANSWER: pH > 7.45
Anions - ANSWER: negatively charged ions
Cations - ANSWER: positively charged ions
antidiuretic hormone (ADH) - ANSWER: released by the posterior pituitary, controls
how much fluid leaves the body in the urine and causes reabsorption of water from
the kidney tubules
Ascites - ANSWER: abnormal accumulation of fluid within the peritoneal cavity
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) - ANSWER: released to stimulate renal vasodilation
when there's too much volume and suppress Aldosterone. Increases urinary output.
Congestive heart failure patients have high levels of ANP.
Carpopedal spasm (Trousseau Sign) - ANSWER: A spasm of the hand, thumbs, foot,
or toes that accompanies tetany.
Dehydration - ANSWER: water moves from the cells into interstitial and intravascular
spaces, this movement of water out of the cells causes:
Diffusion - ANSWER: process by which substances move across the membranes until
they are evenly distributed in the available space
, Edema associated with retention of water, sodium and chloride is: - ANSWER:
defined as an accumulation of freely moving interstitial fluid(fluid surrounding the
cells)
4 main causes of edema - ANSWER: increase in capillary hydrostatic pressure
a loss of plasma proteins
obstruction of lymphatic circulation
increase in capillary permeability
Electrolytes - ANSWER: minerals that carry electrical charges that help maintain the
body's fluid balance
Extracellular fluid (ECF) - ANSWER: body fluids located outside of cells, 1/3 of body's
total water, transports water, nutrients, oxygen, waste, etc, to and from the cells.
Regulated by renal, metabolic and neurologic factors, high in NA+ content
intracellular fluid - ANSWER: the fluid contained within cells
intravascular fluid - ANSWER: the fluid found within the blood vessels, contains large
amounts of proteins and electrolytes
transcellular fluid - ANSWER: The fluid that is contained within specialized body
compartments such as cerebrospinal, pleural, and synovial cavities, pericardial fluids,
aqueous humor, saliva, GI secretions, fluid in the urinary and lymphatics systems
interstitial fluid - ANSWER: Fluid on spaces surrounding the cells, High in NA+
content
Functions of water in the body - ANSWER: Transporting nutrients to cells and wastes
from cells
Transporting hormones, enzymes, blood platelets, and red and white blood cells
Serve as a medium for the enzymatic action of digestion
Helping maintain normal body temperature
Assists in maintenance of Hydrogen balance in the body
Filtration - ANSWER: movement of water and solutes through a semipermeable
membrane as a result of a pushing force on one side of the membrane. Occurs in the
kidney, where waste substances and excess water are eliminated
Hydrostatic pressure (HP) - ANSWER: pressure exerted by fluid within the capillaries,
HP causes fluid to press outward on the vessel
Hypercalcemia - ANSWER: an abnormally high level of calcium in the blood (serum
levels above 10.6mg/dl) can occur during lengthy periods of immobilization when
calcium is mobilized from the bone, or when an excess of Calcium or Vit D is taken
into the body.
