Final Exam CHEM 219 with complete
solutions
The speed of a wave (c) is the product of its frequency (ν) and wavelength (λ). -
ANSWER- E = hv = h x c / λ
nm to m
or
m to nm - ANSWER- 1 m / 10^9 nm
or
10^9 nm / 1 m
What is the maximum number of electrons that can have the quantum numbers n
= 3, ℓ = 2, mℓ = -2? - ANSWER- The Pauli exclusion principle states that no two
electrons in a given atom can share the same set of four quantum numbers (n, ℓ,
mℓ, ms). This set of quantum numbers contains three quantum numbers, with the
only missing quantum number being ms, which can take on the values +½ and -
½. Therefore, this set of three quantum numbers represents a single atomic
orbital, which can contain two unique electrons: one with ms = +½ and one with
ms = -½.
An exothermic reaction causes the surroundings to - ANSWER- An exothermic
reaction transfers energy from the system to the surroundings. That tells us the
surroundings will get warmer.
A theory is another word for a(n) _________. - ANSWER- A theory or model is a
well established explanation of a phenomenon based on a series of facts and a
body of evidence.
What is the definition of a natural law? - ANSWER- A scientific law summarizes an
observable behavior.
, The skeletal structure of a complex organic molecule is shown below. Determine
the number of sigma (σ) and pi (π) bonds in the molecule. - ANSWER- Remember
a single bond = 1 σ; a double bond = 1 σ + 1 π; a triple bond = 1 σ + 2 π. This
molecule contains 6 double bonds, so there are 6σ and 6π. There are 28 single
bonds, so there are 28 σ. This is a total 34σ and 6π.
strontium phosphate - ANSWER- Sr₃(PO₄)₂
Which of the following statements is true? - ANSWER- One driving force in the
vaporization of a liquid is an increase in disorder (entropy). Gas molecules are
more disordered than liquid molecules. Adding a non-volatile solute to a liquid
also increases the disorder of the liquid molecules, so the difference in disorder
between the liquid and gas phases is not as great as with a pure substance.
Therefore the tendency to vaporize is not as great for the solution as it is for the
pure liquid, resulting in a lower vapor pressure for the solution.
Which of the following aqueous solutions would have the highest boiling point?
A) 1.0 m NaNO3
B) 1.0 m HF
C) 1.0 m C₆H₁₂O₆
D) 1.0 m CaCl2 - ANSWER- The dissolved solute will raise the boiling point. The
more "things" that are dissolved (ions or molecules), the higher the boiling point
will be. The CaCl₂ will break up into one Ca²⁺ ion and two Cl⁻ ions and there will be
a concentration of 3.0 m of "things" in solution. The other choices will have fewer
"things" in solution and will raise the boiling point less.
Which one of the following aqueous solutions would have the highest freezing
point?
A) 1.0 m NaNO3
B) 2.0 m CH3OH
C) 1.0 m C₆H₁₂O₆
D) 1.0 m CaCl2 - ANSWER- The dissolved solute will lower the freezing point. The
more "things" that are dissolved (ions or molecules), the lower the freezing point
will be. Since C₆H₁₂O₆ is a molecule, it will not break apart and there will only be a
concentration of 1.0 m of molecules in solution. It will lower the freezing point
less than all the other choices. There will be fewer "things" in solution and this
will lower the freezing point less than the other choices.
solutions
The speed of a wave (c) is the product of its frequency (ν) and wavelength (λ). -
ANSWER- E = hv = h x c / λ
nm to m
or
m to nm - ANSWER- 1 m / 10^9 nm
or
10^9 nm / 1 m
What is the maximum number of electrons that can have the quantum numbers n
= 3, ℓ = 2, mℓ = -2? - ANSWER- The Pauli exclusion principle states that no two
electrons in a given atom can share the same set of four quantum numbers (n, ℓ,
mℓ, ms). This set of quantum numbers contains three quantum numbers, with the
only missing quantum number being ms, which can take on the values +½ and -
½. Therefore, this set of three quantum numbers represents a single atomic
orbital, which can contain two unique electrons: one with ms = +½ and one with
ms = -½.
An exothermic reaction causes the surroundings to - ANSWER- An exothermic
reaction transfers energy from the system to the surroundings. That tells us the
surroundings will get warmer.
A theory is another word for a(n) _________. - ANSWER- A theory or model is a
well established explanation of a phenomenon based on a series of facts and a
body of evidence.
What is the definition of a natural law? - ANSWER- A scientific law summarizes an
observable behavior.
, The skeletal structure of a complex organic molecule is shown below. Determine
the number of sigma (σ) and pi (π) bonds in the molecule. - ANSWER- Remember
a single bond = 1 σ; a double bond = 1 σ + 1 π; a triple bond = 1 σ + 2 π. This
molecule contains 6 double bonds, so there are 6σ and 6π. There are 28 single
bonds, so there are 28 σ. This is a total 34σ and 6π.
strontium phosphate - ANSWER- Sr₃(PO₄)₂
Which of the following statements is true? - ANSWER- One driving force in the
vaporization of a liquid is an increase in disorder (entropy). Gas molecules are
more disordered than liquid molecules. Adding a non-volatile solute to a liquid
also increases the disorder of the liquid molecules, so the difference in disorder
between the liquid and gas phases is not as great as with a pure substance.
Therefore the tendency to vaporize is not as great for the solution as it is for the
pure liquid, resulting in a lower vapor pressure for the solution.
Which of the following aqueous solutions would have the highest boiling point?
A) 1.0 m NaNO3
B) 1.0 m HF
C) 1.0 m C₆H₁₂O₆
D) 1.0 m CaCl2 - ANSWER- The dissolved solute will raise the boiling point. The
more "things" that are dissolved (ions or molecules), the higher the boiling point
will be. The CaCl₂ will break up into one Ca²⁺ ion and two Cl⁻ ions and there will be
a concentration of 3.0 m of "things" in solution. The other choices will have fewer
"things" in solution and will raise the boiling point less.
Which one of the following aqueous solutions would have the highest freezing
point?
A) 1.0 m NaNO3
B) 2.0 m CH3OH
C) 1.0 m C₆H₁₂O₆
D) 1.0 m CaCl2 - ANSWER- The dissolved solute will lower the freezing point. The
more "things" that are dissolved (ions or molecules), the lower the freezing point
will be. Since C₆H₁₂O₆ is a molecule, it will not break apart and there will only be a
concentration of 1.0 m of molecules in solution. It will lower the freezing point
less than all the other choices. There will be fewer "things" in solution and this
will lower the freezing point less than the other choices.
