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HIST 2112 UGA Exam 1 Questions With
Correct Answers.
America in 1865 - answer✔✔- 30 million people
- 4 million are slaves
- predominately rural in both north and south
Proclamation of 1863 - answer✔✔"Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction" issued by
Abraham Lincoln
- would grant amnesty to Confederate officials
- restored voters could elect members to US congress
Requirements:
- defeated states accept abolition of slavery
- new governments could be formed when 10% of eligible voters swore oath of allegiance to US
Freedmen's Bureau - answer✔✔Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen and Abandoned Lands
- created by Congress in 1865
- provided ex-slaves economic and legal resources
- primary goal: obtaining land
Andrew Johnson - answer✔✔- Vice president to Abraham Lincoln
- Southern democrat chosen to attract border-state voters
- Born into rural poverty, had no sympathy for southern aristocracy
- Saw emancipation as a way to break down aristocracy, did not care about freedmen or their
autonomy
, ©THEBRIGHTSTARS 2024
- Actively worked against Congressional Reconstruction
- Impeached for violating Tenure of Office Act
Radical Republicans/Reconstruction - answer✔✔- Congressional reconstruction
- Anti-slavery party, wanted to punish the south
- Believed that blacks were inferior to whites, but wanted the federal government to protect
newly emancipated slaves
- Advocated for suffrage and land distribution for freed slaves
- Ultimately failed, most issues weren't solved
Black Codes - answer✔✔Kept free slaves in a system as close to slavery as possible, made it
nearly impossible to leave plantations, and ensured that white landowners still had cheap black
labor even after the abolition of slavery
- Prohibited blacks from bearing arms
- Outlawed racial intermarriages
- Excluded blacks from serving on juries
Fourteenth Amendment - answer✔✔- Constitutionally defines citizenship and protects individual
civil rights
- Overturned Dred Scott case decision
Dred Scott - answer✔✔Missouri slave sued for his freedom, but the US Supreme court ruled that
he couldn't sue in federal court because he was property, not a citizen.
Decision overturned by the 14th Amendment
Tenure of Office Act & Johnson Impeachment - answer✔✔- Prohibited chief executive from
removing a senate-approved appointee from office without getting approval from the senate.
Prevented Johnson from firing cabinet officers that supported congressional reconstruction.
, ©THEBRIGHTSTARS 2024
- Johnson fired Secretary of War, Edwin Stanton, who was appointed by Lincoln and
sympathized with radical republicans, without senate approval.
- House voted 126 to 47 to impeach Johnson, Senate fell one vote short to impeach after trial, so
Johnson remained in office.
Fifteenth Amendment - answer✔✔Granted suffrage to all male citizens, regardless of "race,
color, or previous condition of servitude"
-Southern states devised different tactics to undermine this amendment
American Equal Rights Association - answer✔✔- Group formed by black and white men and
women who wanted to promote race and gender equality in 1866
- Organization dissolved in 1869 over disagreements with the 15th amendment
- Only allowed for male voters, feminists like Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony
were afraid that black men getting more rights would continue to limit the rights of women
Scalawags - answer✔✔- Derogatory term used when describing white southerners who
supported Reconstruction
- Majority of southern whites supported the democratic party and viewed scalawags as traitors,
because they supported changing the south and allying themselves with Republicans
Carpetbaggers - answer✔✔- Derogatory term used when describing white northerners who
supported Republican reconstruction, but moved south for economic opportunities or to oversee
reconstruction.
- Denounced by southerners who claimed they came south, disrupted it, filled their bags and left.
Sharecropping - answer✔✔- Attempt at economic independence for freedmen or poor whites
- Entered tenant contracts with large landowners who provided land and supplies in exchange for
labor. Laborers were compensated with the harvest.
- Intended to be beneficial for both parties, but benefited the white landowners more.
HIST 2112 UGA Exam 1 Questions With
Correct Answers.
America in 1865 - answer✔✔- 30 million people
- 4 million are slaves
- predominately rural in both north and south
Proclamation of 1863 - answer✔✔"Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction" issued by
Abraham Lincoln
- would grant amnesty to Confederate officials
- restored voters could elect members to US congress
Requirements:
- defeated states accept abolition of slavery
- new governments could be formed when 10% of eligible voters swore oath of allegiance to US
Freedmen's Bureau - answer✔✔Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen and Abandoned Lands
- created by Congress in 1865
- provided ex-slaves economic and legal resources
- primary goal: obtaining land
Andrew Johnson - answer✔✔- Vice president to Abraham Lincoln
- Southern democrat chosen to attract border-state voters
- Born into rural poverty, had no sympathy for southern aristocracy
- Saw emancipation as a way to break down aristocracy, did not care about freedmen or their
autonomy
, ©THEBRIGHTSTARS 2024
- Actively worked against Congressional Reconstruction
- Impeached for violating Tenure of Office Act
Radical Republicans/Reconstruction - answer✔✔- Congressional reconstruction
- Anti-slavery party, wanted to punish the south
- Believed that blacks were inferior to whites, but wanted the federal government to protect
newly emancipated slaves
- Advocated for suffrage and land distribution for freed slaves
- Ultimately failed, most issues weren't solved
Black Codes - answer✔✔Kept free slaves in a system as close to slavery as possible, made it
nearly impossible to leave plantations, and ensured that white landowners still had cheap black
labor even after the abolition of slavery
- Prohibited blacks from bearing arms
- Outlawed racial intermarriages
- Excluded blacks from serving on juries
Fourteenth Amendment - answer✔✔- Constitutionally defines citizenship and protects individual
civil rights
- Overturned Dred Scott case decision
Dred Scott - answer✔✔Missouri slave sued for his freedom, but the US Supreme court ruled that
he couldn't sue in federal court because he was property, not a citizen.
Decision overturned by the 14th Amendment
Tenure of Office Act & Johnson Impeachment - answer✔✔- Prohibited chief executive from
removing a senate-approved appointee from office without getting approval from the senate.
Prevented Johnson from firing cabinet officers that supported congressional reconstruction.
, ©THEBRIGHTSTARS 2024
- Johnson fired Secretary of War, Edwin Stanton, who was appointed by Lincoln and
sympathized with radical republicans, without senate approval.
- House voted 126 to 47 to impeach Johnson, Senate fell one vote short to impeach after trial, so
Johnson remained in office.
Fifteenth Amendment - answer✔✔Granted suffrage to all male citizens, regardless of "race,
color, or previous condition of servitude"
-Southern states devised different tactics to undermine this amendment
American Equal Rights Association - answer✔✔- Group formed by black and white men and
women who wanted to promote race and gender equality in 1866
- Organization dissolved in 1869 over disagreements with the 15th amendment
- Only allowed for male voters, feminists like Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony
were afraid that black men getting more rights would continue to limit the rights of women
Scalawags - answer✔✔- Derogatory term used when describing white southerners who
supported Reconstruction
- Majority of southern whites supported the democratic party and viewed scalawags as traitors,
because they supported changing the south and allying themselves with Republicans
Carpetbaggers - answer✔✔- Derogatory term used when describing white northerners who
supported Republican reconstruction, but moved south for economic opportunities or to oversee
reconstruction.
- Denounced by southerners who claimed they came south, disrupted it, filled their bags and left.
Sharecropping - answer✔✔- Attempt at economic independence for freedmen or poor whites
- Entered tenant contracts with large landowners who provided land and supplies in exchange for
labor. Laborers were compensated with the harvest.
- Intended to be beneficial for both parties, but benefited the white landowners more.
