TEST BANK FOR PILBEAMS MECHANICAL VENTILATION 7TH EDITION BY CAIRO

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Chapterh1;hBasichTermshandhConceptshofhMechanicalhVentilationh
TesthBank

MULTIPLEhCHOICE

1. Theh body’sh mechanismh forh conductingh airh inh andh outh ofh theh lungshi
shknownhashwhichhofhthehfollowing?
a. Externalhrespiration
b. Internalhrespiration
c. Spontaneoush ventilation
d. Mechanicalh ventilation


ANS:h C
Thehconductionhofhairhinhandhouthofhthehbodyhishknownhashventilation
.h Sinceh theh questionh asksh forh theh body’sh mechanism,hthishwouldhbeh
spontaneoushventilation.hExternalhrespirationhinvolvesh theh exchang
eh ofh oxygenh (O2)h andh carbonh dioxideh (CO2)hbetweenhthehalveolihand
hthehpulmonary hcapillaries. hInternal hrespiration h occursh ath theh cellul

arh levelh andh involvesh movementh ofhoxygenhfromhthehsystemichbloodhi
ntohthehcells.

DIF: 1 REF:h pg.h3

2. Whichhofhthehfollowingharehinvolvedhinhexternalhrespiration?
a. Redhbloodhcellshandhbodyhcells
b. Scaleneshandhtrapezius
muscles
c. Alveolih andh pulmonary
capillaries
d. Externalh obliqueh and
transversehabdominalhmuscles


ANS:h C
Externalh respirationh involvesh theh exchangeh ofh oxygenh andh carbonhd
ioxideh(CO2)hbetweenhthehalveolihandhthehpulmonaryhcapillaries.hInt
ernalhrespirationhoccurshaththehcellularhlevelhandhinvolveshmovemen
thofhoxygenhfromh thehsystemichbloodhintohthehcells.
Scaleneh andh trapeziush musclesh areh accessoryh musclesh ofhinspiratio
n.h Externalh obliqueh andh transverseh abdominalh musclesharehaccesso
ryhmuscleshofhexpiration.

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DIF: 1 REF:h pg.h3

3. Thehgraphhthathshowshintrapleuralhpressurehchangeshduringh
normalhspontaneoushbreathinghishdepictedhbyhwhichhofhthehf
ollowing?
a.
b.
c.
d.


ANS:hB
Duringh spontaneoush breathingh theh intrapleuralh pressureh dropshfr
omh abouth -5h cmh H2Oh ath end-expirationh toh abouth -
10h cmh H2Oh athend-
inspiration.h Theh graphh depictedh forhanswerh Bh showsh thathchangeh
fromh-5hcmhH2Ohtoh-10hcmhH2O.

DIF: 1 REF:h pg.h4

4. Duringh spontaneoush inspirationh alveolarh pressureh (PA)h ish about:
h .
a. -h1hcmhH2O
b. +h1hcmhH2O
c. 0hcmhH2O
d. 5hcmhH2O


ANS:h A
-
1hcmhH2Ohishthehlowesthalveolarhpressurehwillhbecomehduringhnor
malhspontaneoushventilation.hDuringhthehexhalationhofhahnormalh
spontaneoushbreathhthehalveolarhpressurehwillhbecomeh+1hcmhH2O.

DIF: 1 REF:h pg.h3

5. Theh pressureh requiredh toh maintainh alveolarh inflationh ishknownh ash
whichhofhthehfollowing?
a. Transairwayhpressureh(PTAh)
b. Transthoracichpressureh(PTT)
c. Transrespiratory hpressureh(PTR)

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d. Transpulmonaryh pressureh (PL)


ANS:hD
Thehdefinitionhofhtranspulmonaryhpressureh (PL)hish thehpressurehrequi
redhtohmaintainhalveolarhinflation.hTransairwayhpressureh(PTAh)hishtheh
pressurehgradienthrequiredhtohproducehairflowhinhthehconductingh tub
es.h Transrespiratoryh pressureh (PTR)h ish theh pressurehtohinflatehthehlun
gshandhairwayshduringhpositivehpressurehventilation.hTransthoracichp
ressureh(PTT)hrepresentshthehpressurehrequiredhtohexpandhorhcontrac
th thehlungsh andh thehchesthwallhaththehsamehtime.

DIF: 1 REF:h pg.h3

6. Calculatehthehpressurehneededhtohovercomehairwayhresistancehd
uringhpositivehpressurehventilationhwhenhthehproximalhairwayhpre
ssureh(PAw)hish35hcmhH2Ohandhthehalveolarhpressureh(PA)hish5hcmhH2O.
a. 7hcmhH2O
b. 30hcmhH2O
c. 40hcmhH2O
d. 175hcmhH2O


ANS:hB
Theh transairwayh pressureh (PTAh)h ish usedh toh calculateh theh pressurehre
quiredh toh overcomeh airwayh resistance h duringh mechanicalhventilati
on.hThishformulahishPTAh=hPawh-hPA.

DIF: 2 REF:h pg.h3

7. Thehtermhusedhtohdescribehthehtendencyhofhahstructurehtohreturnhtohit
shoriginalhformhafterhbeinghstretchedhorhactedhonhbyhanhoutsidehforce
hishwhichhofhthehfollowing?

a. Elastance
b. Compliance
c. Viscoushresistance
d. Distendinghpressure