MLT Chemistry Test Questions with
Correct Answers
Uncontrolled Diabetes mellitus Lab Findings - Answer-^ blood glucose, urine glucose,
urine specific gravity, glycohemoglobin, ketones (blood&urine), Anion gap, BUN,
Osmolality (serum&urine), Cholesterol, Triglycerides
v Bicarbonate, blood pH
Diabetes mellitus Risk Factors - Answer-^ LDL-C, triglycerides, blood pressure, glucose
v HDL-C
BUN - Answer-Blood Urea Nitrogen
Synthesized by liver from ammonia, excreted by kidneys.
RR: 8-26 mg/dL
^ kindey disease
v overhydration, liver disease
Creatinine - Answer-waste product from dehydration of creatine, primarily in muscles.
Jaffe's reaction (alkaline picrate) is nonspecific.
RR: 0.7-1.5 mg/dL
^ kidney disease
Uric Acid - Answer-RR: male 3.5-7.2 mg/dL, female 2.6-6.0 mg/dL
^ gout, renal failure, ketoacidosis, leukemia, lymphoma, polycythemia, increased risk of
renal calculi
v administration of ACTH, renal tubular defects
Ammonia - Answer-Produced in GI tract. High levels are neurotoxic. Collect in EDTA or
Heparin. Chill immediately.
RR: 19-60 ug/dL
, ^ liver disease, hepatic coma, renal failure, Reye's syndrome
Sodium (Na+) - Answer-Major extracellular cation. Contributes almost half to plasma
osmolality. Maintains normal distribution of water & osmotic pressure. Levels regulated
by aldosterone.
RR: 136-145 mmol/L
^ (hypertranemia): due to ^ intake or IV administration, hyperaldosteronism
v (hypotranemia): due to renal/extrarenal loss (diarrhea, vomiting, sweating, burns) or ^
extracellular fluid volume.
Potassium (K+) - Answer-Major intracellular cation. Artifactual ^ can be caused by wide
variety of collection errors. Higher in serum due to release from platelets during clotting.
RR: 3.5-5.1 mmol/L
^ (hyperkalemia): due to ^ intake, excretion, crush injuries, metabolic acidosis.
v (hypokalemia): due to ^ GI/urinary loss, use of diuretics, metabolic alkalosis.
Chloride (Cl-) - Answer-Major extracellular ion. Helps maintain osmolality, blood volume,
electric neutrality. Passively follows Na+. Sweat chloride test (Iontophoresis) for Dx of
cystic fibrosis
RR: 98-107 mmol/L
^ (hyperchloremia): Due to same conditions as ^ Na+ & excess loss of HCO3-
v (hypochloremia): Due to prolongued vomiting, diabetic ketoacidosis, aldosterone
deficiency, salt-losing renal diseases, metabolic alkalosis, compensated respiratory
acidosis
CO2, total - Answer-Important in maintaining acid-base balance. Keep sample capped.
RR: 23-29 mmol/L
^ in metabolic alkalosis, compensated respiratory acidosis
v metabolic avidosis, compensated respiratory alkalosis
Glucose, fasting - Answer-RR: 70-99mg/dL
^(hyperglycemia): Diabetes melitus, pancreatitis
Correct Answers
Uncontrolled Diabetes mellitus Lab Findings - Answer-^ blood glucose, urine glucose,
urine specific gravity, glycohemoglobin, ketones (blood&urine), Anion gap, BUN,
Osmolality (serum&urine), Cholesterol, Triglycerides
v Bicarbonate, blood pH
Diabetes mellitus Risk Factors - Answer-^ LDL-C, triglycerides, blood pressure, glucose
v HDL-C
BUN - Answer-Blood Urea Nitrogen
Synthesized by liver from ammonia, excreted by kidneys.
RR: 8-26 mg/dL
^ kindey disease
v overhydration, liver disease
Creatinine - Answer-waste product from dehydration of creatine, primarily in muscles.
Jaffe's reaction (alkaline picrate) is nonspecific.
RR: 0.7-1.5 mg/dL
^ kidney disease
Uric Acid - Answer-RR: male 3.5-7.2 mg/dL, female 2.6-6.0 mg/dL
^ gout, renal failure, ketoacidosis, leukemia, lymphoma, polycythemia, increased risk of
renal calculi
v administration of ACTH, renal tubular defects
Ammonia - Answer-Produced in GI tract. High levels are neurotoxic. Collect in EDTA or
Heparin. Chill immediately.
RR: 19-60 ug/dL
, ^ liver disease, hepatic coma, renal failure, Reye's syndrome
Sodium (Na+) - Answer-Major extracellular cation. Contributes almost half to plasma
osmolality. Maintains normal distribution of water & osmotic pressure. Levels regulated
by aldosterone.
RR: 136-145 mmol/L
^ (hypertranemia): due to ^ intake or IV administration, hyperaldosteronism
v (hypotranemia): due to renal/extrarenal loss (diarrhea, vomiting, sweating, burns) or ^
extracellular fluid volume.
Potassium (K+) - Answer-Major intracellular cation. Artifactual ^ can be caused by wide
variety of collection errors. Higher in serum due to release from platelets during clotting.
RR: 3.5-5.1 mmol/L
^ (hyperkalemia): due to ^ intake, excretion, crush injuries, metabolic acidosis.
v (hypokalemia): due to ^ GI/urinary loss, use of diuretics, metabolic alkalosis.
Chloride (Cl-) - Answer-Major extracellular ion. Helps maintain osmolality, blood volume,
electric neutrality. Passively follows Na+. Sweat chloride test (Iontophoresis) for Dx of
cystic fibrosis
RR: 98-107 mmol/L
^ (hyperchloremia): Due to same conditions as ^ Na+ & excess loss of HCO3-
v (hypochloremia): Due to prolongued vomiting, diabetic ketoacidosis, aldosterone
deficiency, salt-losing renal diseases, metabolic alkalosis, compensated respiratory
acidosis
CO2, total - Answer-Important in maintaining acid-base balance. Keep sample capped.
RR: 23-29 mmol/L
^ in metabolic alkalosis, compensated respiratory acidosis
v metabolic avidosis, compensated respiratory alkalosis
Glucose, fasting - Answer-RR: 70-99mg/dL
^(hyperglycemia): Diabetes melitus, pancreatitis
