2024 /2025 | © copyright | This work may not be copied for profit gain | Excel!
NR566-Advanced Pharmacology for Care of
the Family_FINAL Questions & 100% Correct
Answers- Latest Test | Graded A+ | Passed
Prevention of osteoporosis with hormone replacement therapy
✓ -:- HT reduces postmenopausal bone loss and thereby decreases the risk for
osteoporosis and related fractures. Unfortunately, when HT is stopped, bone mass
rapidly decreases by approximately 12%. Hence to maintain bone health, HT must
continue lifelong.
Most common non-contraceptive use of estrogens.
✓ -:- Hormone therapy (HT) in postmenopausal women
When to use progestin for hormone replacement therapy and why
✓ -:- to counterbalance estrogen-mediated stimulation of the endometrium, which
can lead to endometrial hyperplasia and cancer.
When not to use progestin for hormone replacement therapy and why
✓ -:- Progestins should not be prescribed as HRT for women who have undergone
hysterectomy.
1|Page | Grade A+| 2024/2025
,2024 /2025 | © copyright | This work may not be copied for profit gain | Excel!
Local vs. systemic estrogen options and why one would be chosen over the other
✓ -:- Compared with oral formulations of estrogen, the transdermal formulations have
four advantages:
• The total dose of estrogen is greatly reduced (because the liver is bypassed).
• There is less nausea and vomiting.
• Blood levels of estrogen fluctuate less.
• There is a lower risk for DVT, pulmonary embolism, and stroke
Function/mechanism of combination OC
✓ -:- reduce fertility primarily by inhibiting ovulation.
Role of Progestin in combination OC
✓ -:- acts in the hypothalamus and pituitary to suppress the midcycle luteinizing
hormone surge, which normally triggers ovulation.
Role of Estrogen in combination OC
✓ -:- suppresses release of follicle-stimulating hormone from the pituitary (and
thereby inhibits follicular maturation),
(2) main categories of OCs:
2|Page | Grade A+| 2024/2025
,2024 /2025 | © copyright | This work may not be copied for profit gain | Excel!
✓ -:- (1) those that contain an estrogen plus a progestin, known as combination OCs,
and (2) those that contain just a progestin, known as "minipills" or progestin-only
OCs
Absolute Contraindication w/ OC Therapy
✓ -:- Thrombophlebitis, thromboembolic disorders, cerebral vascular disease,
coronary occlusion, or a past history of these conditions, or a condition that
predisposes to these disorders
Abnormal liver function
Known or suspected breast cancer
Undiagnosed abnormal vaginal bleeding
Known or suspected pregnancy
Smokers older than 35 years
Progestin-only OCs, also known as "minipills"
✓ -:- do not cause thromboembolic disorders, headaches, nausea, or most of the other
adverse effects associated with combination OCs. Unfortunately, although slightly
safer than combination OCs, less effective and are more likely to cause irregular
bleeding
3|Page | Grade A+| 2024/2025
, 2024 /2025 | © copyright | This work may not be copied for profit gain | Excel!
Most Effective Contraception
✓ -:- Etonogestrel subdermal implants (Nexplanon)Intramuscular
medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera)SterilizationIntrauterine device (IUD)
The method of contraception chosen most frequently by birth control users
✓ -:- Sterilization: female sterilization (tubal ligation) plus male sterilization
(vasectomy) are selected by 19% of birth control users
Factors considered when a method of birth control is being chosen.
✓ -:- effectiveness, safety, and personal preference
The most effective birth control methods
✓ -:- etonogestrel subdermal implants (Nexplanon), intramuscular
medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera),
sterilization
IUDs.
Combination Oral Contraceptive Prototype
✓ -:- Ethinyl estradiol/norethindrone
4|Page | Grade A+| 2024/2025
NR566-Advanced Pharmacology for Care of
the Family_FINAL Questions & 100% Correct
Answers- Latest Test | Graded A+ | Passed
Prevention of osteoporosis with hormone replacement therapy
✓ -:- HT reduces postmenopausal bone loss and thereby decreases the risk for
osteoporosis and related fractures. Unfortunately, when HT is stopped, bone mass
rapidly decreases by approximately 12%. Hence to maintain bone health, HT must
continue lifelong.
Most common non-contraceptive use of estrogens.
✓ -:- Hormone therapy (HT) in postmenopausal women
When to use progestin for hormone replacement therapy and why
✓ -:- to counterbalance estrogen-mediated stimulation of the endometrium, which
can lead to endometrial hyperplasia and cancer.
When not to use progestin for hormone replacement therapy and why
✓ -:- Progestins should not be prescribed as HRT for women who have undergone
hysterectomy.
1|Page | Grade A+| 2024/2025
,2024 /2025 | © copyright | This work may not be copied for profit gain | Excel!
Local vs. systemic estrogen options and why one would be chosen over the other
✓ -:- Compared with oral formulations of estrogen, the transdermal formulations have
four advantages:
• The total dose of estrogen is greatly reduced (because the liver is bypassed).
• There is less nausea and vomiting.
• Blood levels of estrogen fluctuate less.
• There is a lower risk for DVT, pulmonary embolism, and stroke
Function/mechanism of combination OC
✓ -:- reduce fertility primarily by inhibiting ovulation.
Role of Progestin in combination OC
✓ -:- acts in the hypothalamus and pituitary to suppress the midcycle luteinizing
hormone surge, which normally triggers ovulation.
Role of Estrogen in combination OC
✓ -:- suppresses release of follicle-stimulating hormone from the pituitary (and
thereby inhibits follicular maturation),
(2) main categories of OCs:
2|Page | Grade A+| 2024/2025
,2024 /2025 | © copyright | This work may not be copied for profit gain | Excel!
✓ -:- (1) those that contain an estrogen plus a progestin, known as combination OCs,
and (2) those that contain just a progestin, known as "minipills" or progestin-only
OCs
Absolute Contraindication w/ OC Therapy
✓ -:- Thrombophlebitis, thromboembolic disorders, cerebral vascular disease,
coronary occlusion, or a past history of these conditions, or a condition that
predisposes to these disorders
Abnormal liver function
Known or suspected breast cancer
Undiagnosed abnormal vaginal bleeding
Known or suspected pregnancy
Smokers older than 35 years
Progestin-only OCs, also known as "minipills"
✓ -:- do not cause thromboembolic disorders, headaches, nausea, or most of the other
adverse effects associated with combination OCs. Unfortunately, although slightly
safer than combination OCs, less effective and are more likely to cause irregular
bleeding
3|Page | Grade A+| 2024/2025
, 2024 /2025 | © copyright | This work may not be copied for profit gain | Excel!
Most Effective Contraception
✓ -:- Etonogestrel subdermal implants (Nexplanon)Intramuscular
medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera)SterilizationIntrauterine device (IUD)
The method of contraception chosen most frequently by birth control users
✓ -:- Sterilization: female sterilization (tubal ligation) plus male sterilization
(vasectomy) are selected by 19% of birth control users
Factors considered when a method of birth control is being chosen.
✓ -:- effectiveness, safety, and personal preference
The most effective birth control methods
✓ -:- etonogestrel subdermal implants (Nexplanon), intramuscular
medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera),
sterilization
IUDs.
Combination Oral Contraceptive Prototype
✓ -:- Ethinyl estradiol/norethindrone
4|Page | Grade A+| 2024/2025
