NUR 230 - Cardiovascular System EXAM
PREP WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION
To auscultate the right ventricle, you should have the patient do what? - =Lean forward
To auscultate the left ventricle, you should have the client lay in what position? - =Left lateral
In infants and children under 7 years old, the PMI is located in the ___ intercostal space - =4th
Endocardium - =Thin inner lining of the heart
Myocardium - =Middle layer of muscle in the heart that has contracting, mechanical pump
Epicardium - =Fibrous outer layer of the heart
Pericardium - =Protective fibrous sac that surrounds the heart
If you have decreased pericardial fluid (<10mL) between pericardial layers, what would you
hear upon auscultation? - ="Rub" and decreased heart sounds
(Left/Right) ventricle is 2-3x thicker, and stronger, than the other because it pumps blood into
systemic circulation - =Left
AV valves - =Prevent backward flow to atria when ventricles contract
Semilunar valves - =Prevent backward flow to ventricles when ventricles contract
What are the two AV valves? - =1. Tricuspid
, 2. Mitral (bicuspid)
What are the two semilunar valves? - =1. Pulmonic
2. Aortic
S1 - =Produced by closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves
S1 is best heard where? - =Apex of heart
S2 - =Produced by closure of the aortic and pulmonic valves
S2 is best heard where? - =Base of the heart
S3 - =This heart sound may be heard if ventricular wall compliance is decreased and structures
in ventricular wall vibrate; this can happen with heart failure or valvular regurgitation
S4 - =This heart sound may be heard on atrial systole if resistance to ventricular filling is
present; usually this is abnormal and can be caused by left ventricular hypertrophy, CAD,
cardiomyopathy or aortic stenosis
Left coronary artery (LCA) has what two branches? - =1. Left anterior descending artery (LAD)
2. Circumflex
This artery supplies the left atrium, left ventricle and part of the right ventricle - =Left coronary
artery
This artery supplies blood to the right atrium, right ventricle, and part of the posterior wall of
left ventricle - =Right coronary artery
PREP WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION
To auscultate the right ventricle, you should have the patient do what? - =Lean forward
To auscultate the left ventricle, you should have the client lay in what position? - =Left lateral
In infants and children under 7 years old, the PMI is located in the ___ intercostal space - =4th
Endocardium - =Thin inner lining of the heart
Myocardium - =Middle layer of muscle in the heart that has contracting, mechanical pump
Epicardium - =Fibrous outer layer of the heart
Pericardium - =Protective fibrous sac that surrounds the heart
If you have decreased pericardial fluid (<10mL) between pericardial layers, what would you
hear upon auscultation? - ="Rub" and decreased heart sounds
(Left/Right) ventricle is 2-3x thicker, and stronger, than the other because it pumps blood into
systemic circulation - =Left
AV valves - =Prevent backward flow to atria when ventricles contract
Semilunar valves - =Prevent backward flow to ventricles when ventricles contract
What are the two AV valves? - =1. Tricuspid
, 2. Mitral (bicuspid)
What are the two semilunar valves? - =1. Pulmonic
2. Aortic
S1 - =Produced by closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves
S1 is best heard where? - =Apex of heart
S2 - =Produced by closure of the aortic and pulmonic valves
S2 is best heard where? - =Base of the heart
S3 - =This heart sound may be heard if ventricular wall compliance is decreased and structures
in ventricular wall vibrate; this can happen with heart failure or valvular regurgitation
S4 - =This heart sound may be heard on atrial systole if resistance to ventricular filling is
present; usually this is abnormal and can be caused by left ventricular hypertrophy, CAD,
cardiomyopathy or aortic stenosis
Left coronary artery (LCA) has what two branches? - =1. Left anterior descending artery (LAD)
2. Circumflex
This artery supplies the left atrium, left ventricle and part of the right ventricle - =Left coronary
artery
This artery supplies blood to the right atrium, right ventricle, and part of the posterior wall of
left ventricle - =Right coronary artery
