A child whose kidneys are enlarged presents with chills, fever, and abdominal pain.
What is the most likely diagnosis? - Answer-Acute pyelonephritis
/.A patient has a posterior pituitary tumor that is producing excess antidiuretic hormone.
The blood volume and blood pressure are elevated. What other increased hormonal
release would be expected? - Answer-Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
/.A person has respirations that are characterized by alternating periods of deep and
shallow breathing and apnea. What is the appropriate term for this breathing? - Answer-
Cheyne-Stokes
/.A person reporting abdominal and back pain has been found to have bacteria in the
urine. What term is used to identify this type of upper urinary tract involvement? -
Answer-Pyelonephritis
/.An 18-year-old high school football player sustained a torn anterior cruciate ligament
(ACL) in the state playoffs. After undergoing repair, he found it difficult to ambulate with
the knee brace. Weighing close to 140 kg (~300 pounds), the athlete found it difficult to
stand and balance on one leg. His mother was unable to support him by herself. After 1
week, the young man began to have increased pain and swelling in the calf of his
affected leg. In the middle of the night, the teen called out to his mother, complaining of
a shortness of breath and unexplained anxiety. His mother called 9-1-1, and he was
taken to a local hospital. In the emergency department, he was diagnosed with a deep
vein thrombosis and a pulmonary embolism. Oxygen and low-molecular-weight heparin
were administered, and the young man was admitted to the intensive care unit. As a
result of the thrombus lodging in the pulmonary circulation, the sy - Answer-Right heart
failure
/.From where do the renal arteries emerge? - Answer-Fifth branches of abdominal aorta
/.Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) refers to what? - Answer-Filtration of plasma per unit of
time in the glomeruli
/.Impaired blood flow within the kidney causes? - Answer-Intrarenal acute renal failure.
It is the result of direct damage to the kidney including ischemia or inflammatory
damage. Causes of intrarenal acute renal failure include acute tubular necrosis (ATN),
glomerulonephritis, malignant hypertension, disseminated intravascular coagulation
(DIC), and renal vasculitis. Impaired outflow from the kidney causes postrenal acute
renal failure. An obstruction blocks the passage of urine, causing urine to "back up" into
the renal pelvis and altering pressures within the kidney. Causes of postrenal acute
renal failure include kidney stones, bladder outlet obstruction, and an enlarged prostate.
, /.In addition to maintaining a stable internal environment for optimal cell and tissue
metabolism, the kidney also has an endocrine function for regulating blood pressure,
erythrocyte production, and? - Answer-Calcium metabolism
/.In the distal tubule, which cells reabsorb sodium and water, as well as secrete
potassium? - Answer-Principal
/.Infants have a greater content of extracellular fluid but also a greater rate of fluid
exchange. Consequently, any disturbance can rapidly lead to severe acidosis and fluid
imbalance; the infant can rapidly develop overhydration or underhydration or edema. A
decrease in extracellular fluid volume occurs in two different ages? - Answer-Infants and
adolescents
/.Inflammation results in airway hyperresponsiveness - Answer-Air droplet
/.Mrs. Garcia brings her 5-year-old, Manuel, to the emergency department with high
fever, irritability, sore throat, and inspiratory stridor. She reports that he has had croup
several times in the past and has required hospitalization for treatment twice. You see
that Manuel is very anxious and is sitting on his mother's lap leaning forward. She says
he has had trouble swallowing because of his sore throat and that he likely has the
croup again, but he isn't coughing like before. What disorder would a healthcare
provider suspect? - Answer-Acute epiglottitis.
/.Ms. Cornwall is admitted with pyelonephritis. She has chills, and her temperature is
101° F. She is complaining of flank pain, frequency, and dysuria. Her urine has white
blood cell casts, and her urine culture is growing Escherichia coli. Why does she have
bacteria and white blood cell casts in her urine? - Answer-Ms. Cornwall has a focal
bacterial infection of her renal pelvis, calyces, and medulla. The bacterial invasion
triggers an inflammatory reaction with white blood cell response causing edema and the
release of inflammatory mediators. In severe pyelonephritis, abscess formation and
necrosis may occur in the medulla. Scar tissue may form with healing. The urine coming
from the glomeruli mixes with inflammatory exudate in the renal pelvis and calyces or
tubules with extensive infection, which leads to purulent urine with bacteria and white
blood cell casts.
/.The binding of oxygen to hemoglobin occurs in the lungs; the reverse process in which
oxygen is released from hemoglobin occurs in the? - Answer-Tissues
/.The classic symptom of nephrotic syndrome is edema, which is due to
hypoalbuminemia and sodium retention. The movement of fluid from the vascular to the
interstitial space can decrease blood volume and increase vasopressin. Additional
symptoms include? - Answer-Hyperlipidemia and hypercoagulation
What is the most likely diagnosis? - Answer-Acute pyelonephritis
/.A patient has a posterior pituitary tumor that is producing excess antidiuretic hormone.
The blood volume and blood pressure are elevated. What other increased hormonal
release would be expected? - Answer-Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
/.A person has respirations that are characterized by alternating periods of deep and
shallow breathing and apnea. What is the appropriate term for this breathing? - Answer-
Cheyne-Stokes
/.A person reporting abdominal and back pain has been found to have bacteria in the
urine. What term is used to identify this type of upper urinary tract involvement? -
Answer-Pyelonephritis
/.An 18-year-old high school football player sustained a torn anterior cruciate ligament
(ACL) in the state playoffs. After undergoing repair, he found it difficult to ambulate with
the knee brace. Weighing close to 140 kg (~300 pounds), the athlete found it difficult to
stand and balance on one leg. His mother was unable to support him by herself. After 1
week, the young man began to have increased pain and swelling in the calf of his
affected leg. In the middle of the night, the teen called out to his mother, complaining of
a shortness of breath and unexplained anxiety. His mother called 9-1-1, and he was
taken to a local hospital. In the emergency department, he was diagnosed with a deep
vein thrombosis and a pulmonary embolism. Oxygen and low-molecular-weight heparin
were administered, and the young man was admitted to the intensive care unit. As a
result of the thrombus lodging in the pulmonary circulation, the sy - Answer-Right heart
failure
/.From where do the renal arteries emerge? - Answer-Fifth branches of abdominal aorta
/.Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) refers to what? - Answer-Filtration of plasma per unit of
time in the glomeruli
/.Impaired blood flow within the kidney causes? - Answer-Intrarenal acute renal failure.
It is the result of direct damage to the kidney including ischemia or inflammatory
damage. Causes of intrarenal acute renal failure include acute tubular necrosis (ATN),
glomerulonephritis, malignant hypertension, disseminated intravascular coagulation
(DIC), and renal vasculitis. Impaired outflow from the kidney causes postrenal acute
renal failure. An obstruction blocks the passage of urine, causing urine to "back up" into
the renal pelvis and altering pressures within the kidney. Causes of postrenal acute
renal failure include kidney stones, bladder outlet obstruction, and an enlarged prostate.
, /.In addition to maintaining a stable internal environment for optimal cell and tissue
metabolism, the kidney also has an endocrine function for regulating blood pressure,
erythrocyte production, and? - Answer-Calcium metabolism
/.In the distal tubule, which cells reabsorb sodium and water, as well as secrete
potassium? - Answer-Principal
/.Infants have a greater content of extracellular fluid but also a greater rate of fluid
exchange. Consequently, any disturbance can rapidly lead to severe acidosis and fluid
imbalance; the infant can rapidly develop overhydration or underhydration or edema. A
decrease in extracellular fluid volume occurs in two different ages? - Answer-Infants and
adolescents
/.Inflammation results in airway hyperresponsiveness - Answer-Air droplet
/.Mrs. Garcia brings her 5-year-old, Manuel, to the emergency department with high
fever, irritability, sore throat, and inspiratory stridor. She reports that he has had croup
several times in the past and has required hospitalization for treatment twice. You see
that Manuel is very anxious and is sitting on his mother's lap leaning forward. She says
he has had trouble swallowing because of his sore throat and that he likely has the
croup again, but he isn't coughing like before. What disorder would a healthcare
provider suspect? - Answer-Acute epiglottitis.
/.Ms. Cornwall is admitted with pyelonephritis. She has chills, and her temperature is
101° F. She is complaining of flank pain, frequency, and dysuria. Her urine has white
blood cell casts, and her urine culture is growing Escherichia coli. Why does she have
bacteria and white blood cell casts in her urine? - Answer-Ms. Cornwall has a focal
bacterial infection of her renal pelvis, calyces, and medulla. The bacterial invasion
triggers an inflammatory reaction with white blood cell response causing edema and the
release of inflammatory mediators. In severe pyelonephritis, abscess formation and
necrosis may occur in the medulla. Scar tissue may form with healing. The urine coming
from the glomeruli mixes with inflammatory exudate in the renal pelvis and calyces or
tubules with extensive infection, which leads to purulent urine with bacteria and white
blood cell casts.
/.The binding of oxygen to hemoglobin occurs in the lungs; the reverse process in which
oxygen is released from hemoglobin occurs in the? - Answer-Tissues
/.The classic symptom of nephrotic syndrome is edema, which is due to
hypoalbuminemia and sodium retention. The movement of fluid from the vascular to the
interstitial space can decrease blood volume and increase vasopressin. Additional
symptoms include? - Answer-Hyperlipidemia and hypercoagulation
