Brain and Behavior Exam 1 (Chapters 1-
4)
behavior correct answers the sensory, motor or associational components of
experience
sulci/sulcus correct answers gaps/folds in brain
gyri/gyrus correct answers material/surface of brain
neurocytology correct answers scientific study of nerve cells
neuron correct answers basic element of nervous system
humans have 100 billion of them
there are three types
neuron doctrine correct answers "Brain is composed of individuals separate cells"
Proposed by Santiago Ramon y Cajal in late 1800's
Sensory Neuron aka receptor cells correct answers encode/process sensory
information
afferent towards CNS (brings info into brain to process)
Motor Neurons aka effector cells correct answers send signals to muscles and glands
efferent towards CNS(out away from CNS)
Interneurons aka associational correct answers receive signals from some neurons and
send signals to other neurons
"Processes info" and makes up majority of neurons in Brain
nerve cell membrane correct answers separates inside/outside of the cell
allows certain components in and out
cell body (soma) correct answers contains nucleus and other intracellular structures
nucleus correct answers located in the center of the cell body and contains chromatin
material
chromatin correct answers composed of DNA molecules
nucleolus correct answers a structure located within the nucleus that contains RNA
, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) correct answers rough and smooth ER
rough: has embedded ribosomes
-ER switches between rough and smooth as proteins are produced
Golgi Apparatus correct answers protects the protein by encasing it within a membrane
completes assembly of protein by helping it get to the needed location
mitochondria correct answers provides energy for the cell
contains enzyemes to convert glucose into energy
Dendrites correct answers extensively branched protrusions of the cell body
*never myelinated*
dendritic spine correct answers short outgrowths on dendrites
may be related to learning memory:
synaptic plasticity- increases surface area
axon correct answers a single fiber extension originating from the cell body that may be
multiplied-branch
typically much longer than dendrites
ends at presynaptic terminal
*site where action potentials occur*
action potentials correct answers standard event by which info is transmitted down the
axon to ultimately have an impact on nerve cell communication -uni-directional-
nodes of ranvier correct answers gaps between myelin sheaths
axodendritic synapse correct answers presynaptic cell: Axon
Post-Sysnaptic cell: dendrite
axosomatic synapse correct answers presynaptic cell: Axon
Post-Sysnaptic cell: cell body
axoaxonic synapse correct answers presynaptic cell: Axon
Post-Sysnaptic cell: axon
glial cells correct answers non-nerural support cells of nervous system
"glue" "Helper cells"
Astrocytes correct answers provide structural support in nervous system, aid in repair
of damage and provide brain with blood brain barrier "star shaped cells"
Oligodendrocyte correct answers provide myelin sheath on axon in CNS
4)
behavior correct answers the sensory, motor or associational components of
experience
sulci/sulcus correct answers gaps/folds in brain
gyri/gyrus correct answers material/surface of brain
neurocytology correct answers scientific study of nerve cells
neuron correct answers basic element of nervous system
humans have 100 billion of them
there are three types
neuron doctrine correct answers "Brain is composed of individuals separate cells"
Proposed by Santiago Ramon y Cajal in late 1800's
Sensory Neuron aka receptor cells correct answers encode/process sensory
information
afferent towards CNS (brings info into brain to process)
Motor Neurons aka effector cells correct answers send signals to muscles and glands
efferent towards CNS(out away from CNS)
Interneurons aka associational correct answers receive signals from some neurons and
send signals to other neurons
"Processes info" and makes up majority of neurons in Brain
nerve cell membrane correct answers separates inside/outside of the cell
allows certain components in and out
cell body (soma) correct answers contains nucleus and other intracellular structures
nucleus correct answers located in the center of the cell body and contains chromatin
material
chromatin correct answers composed of DNA molecules
nucleolus correct answers a structure located within the nucleus that contains RNA
, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) correct answers rough and smooth ER
rough: has embedded ribosomes
-ER switches between rough and smooth as proteins are produced
Golgi Apparatus correct answers protects the protein by encasing it within a membrane
completes assembly of protein by helping it get to the needed location
mitochondria correct answers provides energy for the cell
contains enzyemes to convert glucose into energy
Dendrites correct answers extensively branched protrusions of the cell body
*never myelinated*
dendritic spine correct answers short outgrowths on dendrites
may be related to learning memory:
synaptic plasticity- increases surface area
axon correct answers a single fiber extension originating from the cell body that may be
multiplied-branch
typically much longer than dendrites
ends at presynaptic terminal
*site where action potentials occur*
action potentials correct answers standard event by which info is transmitted down the
axon to ultimately have an impact on nerve cell communication -uni-directional-
nodes of ranvier correct answers gaps between myelin sheaths
axodendritic synapse correct answers presynaptic cell: Axon
Post-Sysnaptic cell: dendrite
axosomatic synapse correct answers presynaptic cell: Axon
Post-Sysnaptic cell: cell body
axoaxonic synapse correct answers presynaptic cell: Axon
Post-Sysnaptic cell: axon
glial cells correct answers non-nerural support cells of nervous system
"glue" "Helper cells"
Astrocytes correct answers provide structural support in nervous system, aid in repair
of damage and provide brain with blood brain barrier "star shaped cells"
Oligodendrocyte correct answers provide myelin sheath on axon in CNS
