SOS FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS
Megacities - Answer-Cities or metropolitan areas with more than 10 million inhabitants.
Urban agglomerations.
Global Impacts of Cities - Answer--78% of carbon emissions
-60% of water is residential
-76% of wood is used for individual purpose attributed to cities
Cities in Food Production - Answer-There are more people coming into cities, therefore,
producing less food for consumption.
Impacts of Extreme Heat - Answer-Extreme heat can cause serious health problems
and raise energy bills on air conditioning.
Results of Urban Flooding - Answer--Contaminated water supplies.
-Loss of life and property.
-Combined sewer overflows.
Energy Landscapes - Answer-- social & tech. aspects of energy production
- social issue
- ex: coal mines, wind farms, hydro dams, urban centers, solar fields, ash disposal
farms, oil/gas areas, biomass, power plants, transport roads
Highest Carbon Intensity - Answer-the measure of how much carbon economies emit
for every dollar of GDP they produce. High intensity=Russia and China & low
intensity=Switzerland and Cambodia.
Demand-side management - Answer-An approach toward energy efficiency often used
by electric utility companies that meets customer needs by lowering the demand for the
energy, rather than increasing the supply. This can be accomplished by using more
energy efficient appliances, and better insulated materials.
Supply-side management - Answer-The opposite of DSM, it tends to satisfy demand by
increasing the supply of energy.
EX: building a new power plant, instead of building more efficient buildings.
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) - Answer-A set of rating
systems for the design, construction, operation, and maintenance of green buildings,
homes and neighborhoods. LEED-certified buildings generally operate with greater
energy efficiency and, therefor, less environmental impact.
Transit Oriented Development - Answer-Mixed land/building use, extreme connectivity
(e.g. pedestrian, overpasses, escalators, local feeder vehicles, and higher employment,
, and higher residential densities than the area norm, surrounding a rapid transit station.
Normally, TOD developments are planned, and are frequently found where mass transit
linnes intersect or where stations serve an existing vital urban sub-center.
Bus Rapid Transit - Answer-Using buses to offer rail-like public transit services. Based
on using normal buses in exclusive, dedicated lanes that allow them to avoid traffic.
Relies on passangers prepaying their fairs at kiosks or stations like rail systems to
speed up passenger boarding.
Critical Mass - Answer-A number or amount large enough to produce a particular result.
An act of civil disobedience meant to illustrate what a city might be like. EX: without
automobiles and if street space were used for bicycle travel.
Vehicle Miles Traveled - Answer-A measure of total travel by all vehicles. If 100 vehicles
travel each 100 miles, the tootal vehicle miles traveled is 10,000.
Human-ecological systems - Answer-Humans are dependent on natural systems, such
as the water cycle or other nutrient cycles. On the other hand, humans alter these ccles
by there effects on the natural environment. The combination of dependence and
effects are characteristic of human-ecological systems.
Greenfield Development - Answer-Urban growth that happens on previously
undeveloped "green" land, such as agricultural or forested areas. This is in contrast with
urban growth, which happens by reusing previously developed land within the city's
area.
Pre-Fordist vs. Fordist city - Answer-Pre-Fordist: Switch from small-scale production to
industrial and to a corporate form of investment. Led to crash of economy (Great
Depression).
Fordist: New form of thinking, stable & sustained growth. More people could afford more
goods. Suburb, siangle-family home, free-way, automobile, and oil=centerpieces of the
time.
Car sharing - Answer-A system that allows members to use cars on a short-term rental
basis. The car-sharing system owns and maintains the cars, and allows members to
access and use them at any time of the day, for as little as 30 minutes, removing the
hassle of going to a rental car facility. The cars are placed in public parking facilities or
on streets to facilitate easy access. As of 2012, there are 500,000 car sharing members
in NA.
Accessibility of healthy food - Answer-limited availability to purchase healthy food
normally seen inn low-income neighborhoods.
Global Transport Concept - Answer-A traffic management plan that is updated every 10
years. Main goals: reduce traffic in the city and support public transit, cyclists, and
pedestrians. Creating a rational balance between all modes of transportation.
CORRECT ANSWERS
Megacities - Answer-Cities or metropolitan areas with more than 10 million inhabitants.
Urban agglomerations.
Global Impacts of Cities - Answer--78% of carbon emissions
-60% of water is residential
-76% of wood is used for individual purpose attributed to cities
Cities in Food Production - Answer-There are more people coming into cities, therefore,
producing less food for consumption.
Impacts of Extreme Heat - Answer-Extreme heat can cause serious health problems
and raise energy bills on air conditioning.
Results of Urban Flooding - Answer--Contaminated water supplies.
-Loss of life and property.
-Combined sewer overflows.
Energy Landscapes - Answer-- social & tech. aspects of energy production
- social issue
- ex: coal mines, wind farms, hydro dams, urban centers, solar fields, ash disposal
farms, oil/gas areas, biomass, power plants, transport roads
Highest Carbon Intensity - Answer-the measure of how much carbon economies emit
for every dollar of GDP they produce. High intensity=Russia and China & low
intensity=Switzerland and Cambodia.
Demand-side management - Answer-An approach toward energy efficiency often used
by electric utility companies that meets customer needs by lowering the demand for the
energy, rather than increasing the supply. This can be accomplished by using more
energy efficient appliances, and better insulated materials.
Supply-side management - Answer-The opposite of DSM, it tends to satisfy demand by
increasing the supply of energy.
EX: building a new power plant, instead of building more efficient buildings.
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) - Answer-A set of rating
systems for the design, construction, operation, and maintenance of green buildings,
homes and neighborhoods. LEED-certified buildings generally operate with greater
energy efficiency and, therefor, less environmental impact.
Transit Oriented Development - Answer-Mixed land/building use, extreme connectivity
(e.g. pedestrian, overpasses, escalators, local feeder vehicles, and higher employment,
, and higher residential densities than the area norm, surrounding a rapid transit station.
Normally, TOD developments are planned, and are frequently found where mass transit
linnes intersect or where stations serve an existing vital urban sub-center.
Bus Rapid Transit - Answer-Using buses to offer rail-like public transit services. Based
on using normal buses in exclusive, dedicated lanes that allow them to avoid traffic.
Relies on passangers prepaying their fairs at kiosks or stations like rail systems to
speed up passenger boarding.
Critical Mass - Answer-A number or amount large enough to produce a particular result.
An act of civil disobedience meant to illustrate what a city might be like. EX: without
automobiles and if street space were used for bicycle travel.
Vehicle Miles Traveled - Answer-A measure of total travel by all vehicles. If 100 vehicles
travel each 100 miles, the tootal vehicle miles traveled is 10,000.
Human-ecological systems - Answer-Humans are dependent on natural systems, such
as the water cycle or other nutrient cycles. On the other hand, humans alter these ccles
by there effects on the natural environment. The combination of dependence and
effects are characteristic of human-ecological systems.
Greenfield Development - Answer-Urban growth that happens on previously
undeveloped "green" land, such as agricultural or forested areas. This is in contrast with
urban growth, which happens by reusing previously developed land within the city's
area.
Pre-Fordist vs. Fordist city - Answer-Pre-Fordist: Switch from small-scale production to
industrial and to a corporate form of investment. Led to crash of economy (Great
Depression).
Fordist: New form of thinking, stable & sustained growth. More people could afford more
goods. Suburb, siangle-family home, free-way, automobile, and oil=centerpieces of the
time.
Car sharing - Answer-A system that allows members to use cars on a short-term rental
basis. The car-sharing system owns and maintains the cars, and allows members to
access and use them at any time of the day, for as little as 30 minutes, removing the
hassle of going to a rental car facility. The cars are placed in public parking facilities or
on streets to facilitate easy access. As of 2012, there are 500,000 car sharing members
in NA.
Accessibility of healthy food - Answer-limited availability to purchase healthy food
normally seen inn low-income neighborhoods.
Global Transport Concept - Answer-A traffic management plan that is updated every 10
years. Main goals: reduce traffic in the city and support public transit, cyclists, and
pedestrians. Creating a rational balance between all modes of transportation.
