Patho Ch 8- Cardiovascular System Diseases
and Disorders Questions and Verified Answers.
what does the cardiovascular system consist of - ANS heart, blood, arteries and veins?
size of heart - ANS man's fist
where is the heart located - ANS slightly left of the middle of the chest?
what is the heart composed of - ANS cardiac muscles, 4 chambers, 4 valves?
measured using electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG) - ANS electrical activity of heart
waves of the heart - ANS P wave, Q wave, R wave, S wave, T wave and U wave
intervals of heart - ANS PR, QRS, QT, RR
three layers of heart - ANS epicardium, myocardium, endocardium
outer layer of heart, continuous with the visceral pericardium - ANS epicardium
middle layer of heart - ANS myocardium
innermost layer of heart - ANS endocardium
common signs and symptoms of heart disease - ANS -chest pain (angina)
-shortness of breath (dyspnea)
-tachycardia
-fatigue
-DIAPHORESIS
-cardiac palpitations
-edema in extremities
-nausea
common signs and symptoms of vascular disease - ANS -pain
-edema
-CYANOSIS
-organ ischemia
example of noninvasive procedures - ANS -auscultation
-Doppler
-blood pressure
-EKG
-echocardiography
-PET scan
, -ABI test (ankle-brachial index test for PAD)
listen for murmurs, rate, rhythm - ANS auscultation
magnify sound of blood flow - ANS Doppler
ultrasound of heart - ANS echocardiography
IV radioactive substance injected and imaged to look at heart muscle function and blood
flow - ANS PET scan
comparing BP at ankle and arm; if ankle pressure is lower than arm pressure could
indicate peripheral artery disease - ANS ABI test
used to visualize heart from inside; catheter inserted through a peripheral blood vessel
into the heart to visualize the structures and function - ANS cardiac catheterization
tests used to determine normal function of heart and vessels; determines vessel
patency - ANS angiocardiography, arteriography, venography
injection of radiopaque fluid then X-ray pictures are produced - ANS structure grams
released from the heart muscle as it dies during a myocardial infarction - ANS enzymes
testing for the enzymes gives an indication of... - ANS the time and degree of the MI
2 protein components in enzymes... - ANS -creating phosphokinase (CPK)
-lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
another protein component that is an indicator of MI - ANS cardiac troponin
leading cause of death in US especially in older adults; #1 cause of death in women;
high BP contributes to the disease process - ANS cardiovascular disease (CVD)
chronic disease of elevated blood pressure; indicator of development of
cerebrovascular, cardiovascular and kidney disease; chronic - ANS hypertension
hypertension is the leading cause of... - ANS stroke and heart failure
normal blood pressure is - ANS <120/80
measures highest pressure in artery when ventricles contract - ANS top #- systolic
pressure
measures pressure in artery when ventricles relax - ANS bottom #- diastolic pressure
and Disorders Questions and Verified Answers.
what does the cardiovascular system consist of - ANS heart, blood, arteries and veins?
size of heart - ANS man's fist
where is the heart located - ANS slightly left of the middle of the chest?
what is the heart composed of - ANS cardiac muscles, 4 chambers, 4 valves?
measured using electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG) - ANS electrical activity of heart
waves of the heart - ANS P wave, Q wave, R wave, S wave, T wave and U wave
intervals of heart - ANS PR, QRS, QT, RR
three layers of heart - ANS epicardium, myocardium, endocardium
outer layer of heart, continuous with the visceral pericardium - ANS epicardium
middle layer of heart - ANS myocardium
innermost layer of heart - ANS endocardium
common signs and symptoms of heart disease - ANS -chest pain (angina)
-shortness of breath (dyspnea)
-tachycardia
-fatigue
-DIAPHORESIS
-cardiac palpitations
-edema in extremities
-nausea
common signs and symptoms of vascular disease - ANS -pain
-edema
-CYANOSIS
-organ ischemia
example of noninvasive procedures - ANS -auscultation
-Doppler
-blood pressure
-EKG
-echocardiography
-PET scan
, -ABI test (ankle-brachial index test for PAD)
listen for murmurs, rate, rhythm - ANS auscultation
magnify sound of blood flow - ANS Doppler
ultrasound of heart - ANS echocardiography
IV radioactive substance injected and imaged to look at heart muscle function and blood
flow - ANS PET scan
comparing BP at ankle and arm; if ankle pressure is lower than arm pressure could
indicate peripheral artery disease - ANS ABI test
used to visualize heart from inside; catheter inserted through a peripheral blood vessel
into the heart to visualize the structures and function - ANS cardiac catheterization
tests used to determine normal function of heart and vessels; determines vessel
patency - ANS angiocardiography, arteriography, venography
injection of radiopaque fluid then X-ray pictures are produced - ANS structure grams
released from the heart muscle as it dies during a myocardial infarction - ANS enzymes
testing for the enzymes gives an indication of... - ANS the time and degree of the MI
2 protein components in enzymes... - ANS -creating phosphokinase (CPK)
-lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
another protein component that is an indicator of MI - ANS cardiac troponin
leading cause of death in US especially in older adults; #1 cause of death in women;
high BP contributes to the disease process - ANS cardiovascular disease (CVD)
chronic disease of elevated blood pressure; indicator of development of
cerebrovascular, cardiovascular and kidney disease; chronic - ANS hypertension
hypertension is the leading cause of... - ANS stroke and heart failure
normal blood pressure is - ANS <120/80
measures highest pressure in artery when ventricles contract - ANS top #- systolic
pressure
measures pressure in artery when ventricles relax - ANS bottom #- diastolic pressure
