©THEBRIGHT EXAM STUDY SOLUTIONS 8/27/2024 12:01 PM
URR - Protocols (23% Of Exam) Questions
With Correct Answers.
What Doppler measurement is necessary to calculate the end-diastolic pressure in the pulmonary
artery?
a. peak pressure gradient of PR
b. peak pressure gradient of TR
c. end-diastolic velocity of PR
d. end-systolic velocity of PR - answer✔✔c. end-diastolic velocity of PR
how can an echo with ultrasound enhancing agent help to confirm the diagnosis of constrictive
pericarditis?
a. used to evaluate the IVC for the appearance of pre-systolic UEA reversal at the right atrial
junction
b. used to better evaluate the flow velocities in the IVC
c. UEA will increase the "bounce" motion of the IVS
d. used to better delineate the LV walls to assess for compaction which is a common
complication of constrictive pericarditis - answer✔✔a. used to evaluate the IVC for the
appearance of pre-systolic UEA reversal at the right atrial junction
how do you measure the LV mass?
a. trace the epicardium and endocardium at end diastole and measure LV length
b. trace the epicardium at end systole and end diastole and measure LV length
c. trace the epicardium and endocardium at end systole and measure LV length
, ©THEBRIGHT EXAM STUDY SOLUTIONS 8/27/2024 12:01 PM
d. trace the endocardium at end systole and end diastole and measure LV length - answer✔✔a.
trace the epicardium and endocardium at end diastole and measure LV length
In the PLAX view, severe MR is noted. What is the best assessment for severity of MR in this
view?
a. PISA radius
b. vena contracta width
c. CW doppler dp/dt calculation
d. CW doppler peak pressure gradient - answer✔✔b. vena contracta width
which pulmonary vein is best able to be PW doppler in apical 4 chamber view in most patients?
a. right upper
b. left upper
c. right lower
d. left lower - answer✔✔a. right upper
which describes how to visualize all 3 hepatic veins on the same image?
a. subcostal transverse view, angled towards the patient's right shoulder
b. subcostal transverse view, angled towards the patient's left shoulder
c. subcostal sagittal view, just to the right of the midline
d. subcostal sagittal view, just to the left of the midline - answer✔✔a. subcostal transverse view,
angled towards the patient's right shoulder
the aortic root is measured in PLAX view with the calipers placed:
a. from the outer edge of the anterior wall to the inner edge of the posterior wall
b. from the inner edge of the anterior wall to the inner edge of the posterior wall
c. from the inner edge of the anterior wall to the outer edge of the posterior wall
, ©THEBRIGHT EXAM STUDY SOLUTIONS 8/27/2024 12:01 PM
d. from the outer edge of the anterior wall to the outer edge of the posterior wall - answer✔✔a.
from the outer edge of the anterior wall to the inner edge of the posterior wall
what is the first parameter to consider when assessing a patient for diastolic dysfunction?
a. LV EF%
b. MV E' velocity
c. TR velocity
d. MV E velocity - answer✔✔a. LV EF%
measurement of the time it takes for the velocity of MR to increase from 1 to 3 m/s is used to
calculate the:
a. IVRT
b. mean pressure gradient
c. dp/dt ratio
d. time velocity integral - answer✔✔c. dp/dt ratio
which of the following is a potential cause for underestimation of AS when calculating the AVA
with the continuity equation?
a. improper cursor placement in the LVOT causing underestimation of the velocity
b. suboptimal parasternal view causing overestimation of the LVOT diameter
c. suboptimal parasternal view causing underestimation of the LVOT diameter
d. doppler gain too high causing overestimation of the aortic velocity - answer✔✔b. suboptimal
parasternal view causing overestimation of the LVOT diameter
documenting the apical 4-chamber view during respiration allows for the assessment of all of the
following EXCEPT:
a. aneurysmal atrial septal motion
b. VSD abnormalities
, ©THEBRIGHT EXAM STUDY SOLUTIONS 8/27/2024 12:01 PM
c. mitral valve prolapse
d. ventricular interdependence - answer✔✔c. mitral valve prolapse
a patient is undergoing a stress test and the last dose of dobutamine has been administered with
little increase in heart rate. What drug should be given?
a. persantine
b. atropine
c. perfluorocarbon
d. adenosine - answer✔✔b. atropine
when assessing MR using the vena contracta method, which of the following adjustments should
be made on the machine?
a. set the color velocity scale to 50-60 cm/s
b. increase the mechanical index over 2.0
c. move the focal zone to the bottom of the image
d. increase image depth to maximum setting - answer✔✔a. set the color velocity scale to 50-60
cm/s
If the mitral deceleration time is 500msec, what is the pressure half time?
a. 145 mmHg
b. 145 ms
c. 250 mmHg
d. 250 ms - answer✔✔a. 145 mmHg
P (1/2 time) = 0.29 x deceleration time
when measuring the pressure half time of the mitral tracing, it is important to _______________
to optimize the measurement.
URR - Protocols (23% Of Exam) Questions
With Correct Answers.
What Doppler measurement is necessary to calculate the end-diastolic pressure in the pulmonary
artery?
a. peak pressure gradient of PR
b. peak pressure gradient of TR
c. end-diastolic velocity of PR
d. end-systolic velocity of PR - answer✔✔c. end-diastolic velocity of PR
how can an echo with ultrasound enhancing agent help to confirm the diagnosis of constrictive
pericarditis?
a. used to evaluate the IVC for the appearance of pre-systolic UEA reversal at the right atrial
junction
b. used to better evaluate the flow velocities in the IVC
c. UEA will increase the "bounce" motion of the IVS
d. used to better delineate the LV walls to assess for compaction which is a common
complication of constrictive pericarditis - answer✔✔a. used to evaluate the IVC for the
appearance of pre-systolic UEA reversal at the right atrial junction
how do you measure the LV mass?
a. trace the epicardium and endocardium at end diastole and measure LV length
b. trace the epicardium at end systole and end diastole and measure LV length
c. trace the epicardium and endocardium at end systole and measure LV length
, ©THEBRIGHT EXAM STUDY SOLUTIONS 8/27/2024 12:01 PM
d. trace the endocardium at end systole and end diastole and measure LV length - answer✔✔a.
trace the epicardium and endocardium at end diastole and measure LV length
In the PLAX view, severe MR is noted. What is the best assessment for severity of MR in this
view?
a. PISA radius
b. vena contracta width
c. CW doppler dp/dt calculation
d. CW doppler peak pressure gradient - answer✔✔b. vena contracta width
which pulmonary vein is best able to be PW doppler in apical 4 chamber view in most patients?
a. right upper
b. left upper
c. right lower
d. left lower - answer✔✔a. right upper
which describes how to visualize all 3 hepatic veins on the same image?
a. subcostal transverse view, angled towards the patient's right shoulder
b. subcostal transverse view, angled towards the patient's left shoulder
c. subcostal sagittal view, just to the right of the midline
d. subcostal sagittal view, just to the left of the midline - answer✔✔a. subcostal transverse view,
angled towards the patient's right shoulder
the aortic root is measured in PLAX view with the calipers placed:
a. from the outer edge of the anterior wall to the inner edge of the posterior wall
b. from the inner edge of the anterior wall to the inner edge of the posterior wall
c. from the inner edge of the anterior wall to the outer edge of the posterior wall
, ©THEBRIGHT EXAM STUDY SOLUTIONS 8/27/2024 12:01 PM
d. from the outer edge of the anterior wall to the outer edge of the posterior wall - answer✔✔a.
from the outer edge of the anterior wall to the inner edge of the posterior wall
what is the first parameter to consider when assessing a patient for diastolic dysfunction?
a. LV EF%
b. MV E' velocity
c. TR velocity
d. MV E velocity - answer✔✔a. LV EF%
measurement of the time it takes for the velocity of MR to increase from 1 to 3 m/s is used to
calculate the:
a. IVRT
b. mean pressure gradient
c. dp/dt ratio
d. time velocity integral - answer✔✔c. dp/dt ratio
which of the following is a potential cause for underestimation of AS when calculating the AVA
with the continuity equation?
a. improper cursor placement in the LVOT causing underestimation of the velocity
b. suboptimal parasternal view causing overestimation of the LVOT diameter
c. suboptimal parasternal view causing underestimation of the LVOT diameter
d. doppler gain too high causing overestimation of the aortic velocity - answer✔✔b. suboptimal
parasternal view causing overestimation of the LVOT diameter
documenting the apical 4-chamber view during respiration allows for the assessment of all of the
following EXCEPT:
a. aneurysmal atrial septal motion
b. VSD abnormalities
, ©THEBRIGHT EXAM STUDY SOLUTIONS 8/27/2024 12:01 PM
c. mitral valve prolapse
d. ventricular interdependence - answer✔✔c. mitral valve prolapse
a patient is undergoing a stress test and the last dose of dobutamine has been administered with
little increase in heart rate. What drug should be given?
a. persantine
b. atropine
c. perfluorocarbon
d. adenosine - answer✔✔b. atropine
when assessing MR using the vena contracta method, which of the following adjustments should
be made on the machine?
a. set the color velocity scale to 50-60 cm/s
b. increase the mechanical index over 2.0
c. move the focal zone to the bottom of the image
d. increase image depth to maximum setting - answer✔✔a. set the color velocity scale to 50-60
cm/s
If the mitral deceleration time is 500msec, what is the pressure half time?
a. 145 mmHg
b. 145 ms
c. 250 mmHg
d. 250 ms - answer✔✔a. 145 mmHg
P (1/2 time) = 0.29 x deceleration time
when measuring the pressure half time of the mitral tracing, it is important to _______________
to optimize the measurement.
