NURS 3080 Exam 1 Test With
Solution
Dysplasia (atypical hyperplasia) - ANSWER Abnormal changes in size, shape,
and organization of mature cells
Metaplasia - ANSWER Reversible replacement of one mature cell type by
another cell type, frequently one less differentiated. Found in association
with tissue damage, repair, and regeneration
Hypoxia - ANSWER the lack of sufficient oxygen within cells
Reactive Oxygen Species - ANSWER reactive molecules from molecular
oxygen formed as a natural oxidant species in cells during mitochondrial
respiration and energy generation. Injury caused by this is called oxidative
stress
Blunt force injuries - ANSWER mechanical injury to body in tearing, shearing,
or crushing caused by blows/impacts
Abrasion - ANSWER surface layers of the skin (epidermis) has been broken;
scrape
, Lacerations - ANSWER tear or rip resulting when the strength of skin/tissue is
exceeded; has ragged and irregular with abraded edges
Xenobiotics - ANSWER chemicals that have toxic, mutagenic, or carcinogenic
properties
Caseous necrosis - ANSWER occurs when dead cells disintegrate, but the
debris is not completely hydrolyzed; soft and granular tissues form as the
end-product, resembling clumped cheese
Coagulative necrosis - ANSWER occurs as a result of protein denaturation,
where albumin is transformed from a gelatinous, transparent state into a
firm, opaque substance. Occurs most commonly in the HEART
Liquefactive necrosis - ANSWER results from ischemic injury to neurons and
glial cells in the brain; causes cells to be digested by their own hydrolases as
the tissue becomes soft and liquified. Occurs most commonly in the BRAIN
Fatty necrosis - ANSWER cellular dissolution caused by lipases, potent
enzymes found in the breast and abdominal structures, especially within the
pancreas
Solution
Dysplasia (atypical hyperplasia) - ANSWER Abnormal changes in size, shape,
and organization of mature cells
Metaplasia - ANSWER Reversible replacement of one mature cell type by
another cell type, frequently one less differentiated. Found in association
with tissue damage, repair, and regeneration
Hypoxia - ANSWER the lack of sufficient oxygen within cells
Reactive Oxygen Species - ANSWER reactive molecules from molecular
oxygen formed as a natural oxidant species in cells during mitochondrial
respiration and energy generation. Injury caused by this is called oxidative
stress
Blunt force injuries - ANSWER mechanical injury to body in tearing, shearing,
or crushing caused by blows/impacts
Abrasion - ANSWER surface layers of the skin (epidermis) has been broken;
scrape
, Lacerations - ANSWER tear or rip resulting when the strength of skin/tissue is
exceeded; has ragged and irregular with abraded edges
Xenobiotics - ANSWER chemicals that have toxic, mutagenic, or carcinogenic
properties
Caseous necrosis - ANSWER occurs when dead cells disintegrate, but the
debris is not completely hydrolyzed; soft and granular tissues form as the
end-product, resembling clumped cheese
Coagulative necrosis - ANSWER occurs as a result of protein denaturation,
where albumin is transformed from a gelatinous, transparent state into a
firm, opaque substance. Occurs most commonly in the HEART
Liquefactive necrosis - ANSWER results from ischemic injury to neurons and
glial cells in the brain; causes cells to be digested by their own hydrolases as
the tissue becomes soft and liquified. Occurs most commonly in the BRAIN
Fatty necrosis - ANSWER cellular dissolution caused by lipases, potent
enzymes found in the breast and abdominal structures, especially within the
pancreas
