NSG 455
Evidence-Based Practice &
Statistics
MIDTERM EXAM REVIEW
©UOP 2024/2025
,1. Multiple Choice: What is the primary purpose of randomization
in clinical trials?
A) To eliminate bias
B) To predict outcomes
C) To increase sample size
D) To test hypotheses
Correct Answer: A) To eliminate bias
Rationale: Randomization helps to distribute confounding
variables evenly across all study groups, thus minimizing bias and
ensuring that the differences observed between groups are due to
the intervention and not some other factor.
2. Fill-in-the-Blank: The __________ effect refers to the
phenomenon where a placebo can sometimes improve a patient's
condition simply because the individual expects it will help.
Correct Answer: Placebo
Rationale: The placebo effect is a powerful demonstration of the
mind-body connection and shows that the patient's expectations
can have a significant impact on their health outcomes.
3. True/False: P-values can determine the clinical significance of a
study's findings.
©UOP 2024/2025
, Correct Answer: False
Rationale: P-values can only indicate whether the results of a
study are likely due to chance. Clinical significance, on the other
hand, relates to the practical importance of the research findings in
a real-world setting.
4. Multiple Response: Which of the following are core principles
of evidence-based practice? (Select all that apply)
A) Utilization of best current evidence
B) Patient values and preferences
C) Clinical expertise
D) Financial cost
Correct Answers: A) Utilization of best current evidence, B)
Patient values and preferences, C) Clinical expertise
Rationale: Evidence-based practice is grounded in the integration
of the best research evidence with clinical expertise and patient
values. While financial cost is a consideration in healthcare, it is not
a core principle of evidence-based practice.
5. Multiple Choice: In the context of statistics, what does 'Type I
error' refer to?
A) Accepting a false null hypothesis
B) Rejecting a true null hypothesis
C) Failing to detect an effect that is present
©UOP 2024/2025
Evidence-Based Practice &
Statistics
MIDTERM EXAM REVIEW
©UOP 2024/2025
,1. Multiple Choice: What is the primary purpose of randomization
in clinical trials?
A) To eliminate bias
B) To predict outcomes
C) To increase sample size
D) To test hypotheses
Correct Answer: A) To eliminate bias
Rationale: Randomization helps to distribute confounding
variables evenly across all study groups, thus minimizing bias and
ensuring that the differences observed between groups are due to
the intervention and not some other factor.
2. Fill-in-the-Blank: The __________ effect refers to the
phenomenon where a placebo can sometimes improve a patient's
condition simply because the individual expects it will help.
Correct Answer: Placebo
Rationale: The placebo effect is a powerful demonstration of the
mind-body connection and shows that the patient's expectations
can have a significant impact on their health outcomes.
3. True/False: P-values can determine the clinical significance of a
study's findings.
©UOP 2024/2025
, Correct Answer: False
Rationale: P-values can only indicate whether the results of a
study are likely due to chance. Clinical significance, on the other
hand, relates to the practical importance of the research findings in
a real-world setting.
4. Multiple Response: Which of the following are core principles
of evidence-based practice? (Select all that apply)
A) Utilization of best current evidence
B) Patient values and preferences
C) Clinical expertise
D) Financial cost
Correct Answers: A) Utilization of best current evidence, B)
Patient values and preferences, C) Clinical expertise
Rationale: Evidence-based practice is grounded in the integration
of the best research evidence with clinical expertise and patient
values. While financial cost is a consideration in healthcare, it is not
a core principle of evidence-based practice.
5. Multiple Choice: In the context of statistics, what does 'Type I
error' refer to?
A) Accepting a false null hypothesis
B) Rejecting a true null hypothesis
C) Failing to detect an effect that is present
©UOP 2024/2025
