Final Psychological Disorders Exam |2024 Release|

Final Psychological Disorders Exam |2024 Release| Anorexia Nervosa *Ans*An eating disorder in which a person ( usually an adolescent female) maintains a starvation diet despite being significantly (15% or more) underweight. Antisocial Personality Disorder *Ans*A personality disorder in which a person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members. May be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist. Anxiety Disorders *Ans*Psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety. Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) *Ans*A psychological disorder marked by the appearance by age 7 of one or more of three key symptoms: extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Axis I-V *Ans*Axis I: Clinical Syndrome present? Axis II: Personality Disorder or Mental Retardation present? Axis III: General Medical Condition, such as diabetes, also present? Axis IV: Psychosocial/Environmental Problems? Axis V: Global Assessment of person's functioning Binge-Eating Disorder *Ans*Significant binge-eating episodes, followed by distress, disgust, or guilt, but without the compensatory purging or fasting, that marks bulimia nervosa. Biological Perspective on Anxiety *Ans*Natural Selection: We are biologically prepared to fear threats. Genes: Fearfulness and anxiety runs in families. The Brain: When the disordered brain detects that something is amiss, it seems to generate a mental hiccup of anxiety. Biological Perspective on Mood Disorders *Ans*Genetics: They run in families. Depressed Brain: Diminished brain activity during depression and increased activity during mania. Bipolar Disorder *Ans*A mood disorder in which a person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania. (Formerly called manic depressive disorder). Brain Abnormalities in Schizophrenia *Ans*Dopamine overactivity, abnormal brain activity and anatomy, and maternal virus during midpregnancy. Bulimia Nervosa *Ans*An eating disorder in which a person alternates binge eating (usually of high calorie foods) with purging (by vomiting or laxative use), or fasting. Delusions *Ans*False beliefs, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders. Dissociate Disorders *Ans*Disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings. Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) *Ans*A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Formerly called multiple personality disorder. DSM-IV-TR *Ans*The American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, with an updated "text revision"; a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders. Generalized Anxiety Disorders *Ans*An anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal. Genetic Factors of Schizophrenia *Ans*Schizophrenia can be inherited. Learning Perspective on Anxiety *Ans*Fear Conditioning: Learn anxiety/fear when bad events happen unpredictably and uncontrollably. Observational Learning: Learn the behavior from others. Cognition: Interpretations/Irrational beliefs make for anxiety. Major Depressive Disorder *Ans*A mood disorder in which a person experiences, in the absence of drugs or another medical condition, two or more weeks of significantly depressed moods or diminished interest or pleasure in most activities, along with at least four other symptoms. Mania *Ans*A mood disorder marked by a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state. Medical Model *Ans*The concept that diseases, in this case psychological disorders, have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and in most cases, cured, often though treatment in a hospital. Mood Disorders *Ans*Psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes. See major depressive disorder, mania, and bipolar disorder. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) *Ans*An anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions). Other Facts about Mood Disorders *Ans*1. Many behavioral and cognitive changes go with depression. 2. Depression is widespread. 3. Women's risk of major depression is nearly double men's. 4. Most major depressive episodes self-terminate.