Psychological Disorders (Chapter 15) 100% Correct Q&A

Psychological Disorders (Chapter 15) 100% Correct Q&A agoraphobia *Ans*The fear of being in places or situations from which escape might be difficult. alcoholism *Ans*he tendency to use or abuse alcohol to a degree that leads to social or occupational dysfunction. anorexia nervosa *Ans*An eating disorder in which a person refuses to eat, starving themself to the point that physical complications and sometimes death may occur. antisocial personality disorder *Ans*A personality disorder marked by irresponsible and socially disruptive behavior in a variety of areas. anxiety disorder *Ans*A disorder characterized by intense, frequent or continuous anxiety, which may lead to disruptive avoidance behavior. attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) *Ans*A disorder characterized by age-inappropriate inattention, impulsiveness and hyperactivity. bipolar disorder *Ans*A psychological disorder marked by extreme mood swings; also called manic depression. borderline personality disorder *Ans*A personality disorder characterized by extremely unstable interpersonal relationships, dramatic mood swings, an unstable sense of identity, intense fears of abandonment, manipulativeness and impulsive behavior. bulimia *Ans*A disorder characterized by a binge-and-purge syndrome in which the person binges on food and then either induces vomiting or uses laxatives to purge. clinical syndromes *Ans*A constellation of symptoms that tend to occur together. cognitive-behavioral *Ans*Approach in clinical psychology in which practitioners integrate an understanding of classical and operant conditioning with a cognitive-social perspective. cognitive distortions *Ans*Cognitive mechanisms by which a depressed person transforms neutral or positive information in a depressive direction. compulsion *Ans*An intentional behaviour or mental act performed in a stereotyped fashion. conduct disorder *Ans*A childhood disorder in which a child persistently violates the rights of others as well as societal norms. conversion disorder *Ans*A disorder characterised by a loss or significant change in a physical function without any physical problem to explain the condition. delusion *Ans*A false belief firmly held despite evidence to the contrary. descriptive diagnosis *Ans*A classification of mental disorders in terms of clinical syndromes. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV (DSM-IV) *Ans*The manual of clinical syndromes published by the American Psychiatric Association and used for descriptive diagnosis. diathesis-stress model *Ans*The model of psychopathology that proposes that people with an underlying vulnerability (also called a diathesis) may develop a disorder under stressful circumstances. dissociation *Ans*A disturbance in memory and consciousness in which significant aspects of experience are kept separate and distinct (or dis-associated). dissociative disorders *Ans*Disorders characterised by disruptions in consciousness, memory, sense of identity or perception of the environment. dissociative identity disorder *Ans*The most severe dissociative disorder; also known as multiple personality disorder. dopamine hypothesis *Ans*Hypothesis that implicates an imbalance in the neurotransmitter dopamine in schizophrenia. dysthymia (or dysthymic disorder) *Ans*Chronic low-level depression of more than two years' duration, with intervals of normal moods that never last more than a few weeks or months. etiology *Ans*Causes of a disorder. expressed emotion *Ans*The tendency of family interactions to be characterised by criticism, hostile interchanges and emotional overinvolvement or intrusiveness by family members, implicated in the etiology and maintenance of schizophrenia and other disorder. family alliances *Ans*Patterns of taking sides in family conflicts. family boundaries *Ans*In family systems theory, the physical and psychological limits of a family or system. family homoeostatic mechanisms *Ans*Methods members use to preserve equilibrium in a family. family roles *Ans*Parts individuals play in repetitive family interaction patterns.