BUAD 304 Midterm Exam Questions | Questions with complete solutions

BUAD 304 Midterm Exam Questions | Questions with complete solutions A manager who displays independence of thought, action, and feelings is demonstrating Schwartz's value of conservation. False A manager should use Schwartz's model to understand employees and assign them tasks that are consistent with their values. True Attitudes have three components: affective, cognitive, and behavioral. True Cognitive dissonance is the psychological discomfort a person experiences when simultaneously holding two or more conflicting cognitions. True Organizational commitment exists to the degree that the person is satisfied with his or her job. False Values tend to vary across generations because they are influenced by events in childhood and youth. For example, some parents lived through the Depression, and this experience led them to be risk takers in terms of their investments. False Job satisfaction is not a unitary concept; a person may be satisfied with one aspect of his or her job and dissatisfied with one or more other aspects. True Research has found that some aspects of an individual's disposition are significantly associated with some aspects of job satisfaction, such as having autonomy or receipt of rewards. True Job involvement represents the extent to which an individual is personally involved with his or her work role. This has nothing to do with job satisfaction. False Job satisfaction has a negative association with OCB and a positive relationship with CWB. False Schwartz's model suggests that values are unstable. values are important but have no direct effect on motivation. values may conflict with each other. we are always aware of our values and how they influence us. values are formed when we are in our early adulthood. Roger, a manager, knows that one of his employees values conformity and tradition. Roger should assign the employee to a job that includes high social value. high security. high respect, commitment, and acceptance. high control over others. high influence over others. Personal attitudes affect _______ via ______. behavior; values behavior; intentions values; behavior values; intentions values; cognitions You are unlikely to say anything to someone smoking in the nonsmoking section of a restaurant if you have no intention of confronting the smoker. Your intention reflects the __________ component of your attitude toward people smoking in restaurants. behavioral intellectual cognitive normative affective ________ is the extent to which an individual identifies with an organization and commits to its goals. Perceived organizational support Organizational commitment Organizational satisfaction Job involvement Job satisfaction Donna works as a project manager for a major consumer products firm. She works with beliefs, perceptions, and informal obligations about what she is entitled to receive in return for what she provides to the organization. Janice's beliefs represent a(n) high level of emotional labor. employment contract. high normative commitment. high affective commitment. psychological contract. Which of the following contributes least to employee engagement in North America? career opportunities the organization's reputation recognition pay communication The _____ model suggests that managers should monitor employees' perceptions of fairness. met expectations need fulfillment equity value attainment dispositional components When Harry has a perceived conflict with a co-worker, he will send them e-mails that are taunting or insulting. This is an example of OCB. COW. CWB POS. EEG. ______ programs help employees to integrate, assimilate, and transition to new jobs. Incoming Onboarding Involvement Sink-or-swim Engagement There are four attitude and four behavior components fount to correlate with ____ ____. job satisfaction Individual behavior that is discretionary and not part of a formal reward system and promotes the effective performance of the firm is called ___ ___ ___. organizational citizenship behavior ___ are abstract ideals that guide one's thinking and behavior across all situations. Values Schwartz's second bipolar dimension includes openness to ___ and ___. Change; conservation In Schwartz's Basic Value model, those values that are in opposing directions from the ___ of the circle conflict with each other. Center According to Schwartz's Theory, firms can reduce turnover by: matching employee values with values that comprise the organizational culture People who grew up during the Great Depression are likely to value security and conservation and thus dislike ___ or the use of credit cards. Debt Positive employee ___ and ___ are greatest when the work environment is consistent with employee values. Attitudes; motivation The ___ ___ represents an employee's beliefs about what he or she is entitled to receive in return for what he or she provides the organization. psychological contract Determinants of Intention 1. Attitude toward the behavior 2. Subjective norm 3. Perceived behavioral control The first step in combating bullying is to document the event in writing, particularly if the bully is your boss. TRUE The two basic dimensions of Schwartz's value theory are self-enhancement/self-transcendence and ethical/unethical. FALSE Personal attitudes affect behavior via intentions. TRUE Based on Schwartz's Value Theory, if you value achievement over universalism, you will spend your evening working hard on your term paper so that you can get a good grade, rather than volunteering at the soup kitchen. TRUE In Schwartz's model, conformity and tradition are in the same wedge, but conformity is seen as less extreme than tradition. TRUE According to the Ajzen model, someone's intention to engage in a particular behavior is necessarily a strong predictor of that behavior. FALSE Johan believes that saving the earth is our most important responsibility. He will be strongly committed to an employer who issues hybrid cars to all sales people, emphasizes recycling, and supports volunteerism to clean up the local river. TRUE The components of engagement are urgency, being focused, intensity, and job satisfaction FALSE One of the top five drivers of employee engagement for organizations in North America is pay. FALSE The basic idea of POS is that people are willing to work hard and commit to their organizations when they believe that the organization truly cares about their best interests. TRUE There is only one model of the causes of job satisfaction. FALSE The idea that satisfaction results from the perception that a job allows for fulfillment of an individual's important values is called "met expectations." FALSE Managers should attempt to reduce the negative effects of stress by improving job satisfaction and by encouraging employees to take work home. FALSE Turnover is always bad for organizations. FALSE Stress can have positive effects on certain OB-related outcomes. For instance, it is negatively related to absenteeism because people feel they have to work harder to meet management expectations. FALSE Maria focuses on community volunteerism, while Anna focuses on getting a promotion at work. _____ are represented by Maria's and Anna's focuses. A. Personal attitudes B. Workplace attitudes C. Endpoints of one of the dimensions of values D. Cognitions E. Behaviors Mark marches to the beat of his own drummer, while Simon plans on following in his father's footsteps. Mark is open to change, while Simon embraces A. conformity. B. traditionalism. C. power. D. benevolence. E. conservation. Schwartz's model suggests that A. values may conflict with each other. B. values are important, but have no direct effect on motivation. C. values are unstable. D. we are always aware of our values and how they influence us. E. values are formed when we are in our early adulthood. Trevor is an overachiever. His brother calls him ambitious and power hungry. Trevor exemplifies the _______ dimension. A. self-transcendence B. self-enhancement C. self-awareness D. self-management E. self-leadership _____ is defined by order, self-restriction, preservation of the past, and resistance to change. A. Conservation B. Security C. Conformity D. Traditionalism E. Stability The two basic dimensions of Schwartz's model of values are A. self-enhancement/self-transcendence and openness to change/conservation. B. strengths/weaknesses and opportunities/ threats. C. personal attitudes/work attitudes and cognitions/behaviors. D. commitment/engagement and satisfaction/dissatisfaction. E. involved/engaged and motivated/not motivated The self-transcendence part of Schwartz's model is composed of A. self-direction and stimulation. B. security and conformity. C. power and achievement. D. universalism and benevolence. E. achievement and hedonism Horatio loves extreme sports and works as white-water rafting instructor. This reflects the values in the ____________ dimension of Schwartz's model. A. conservation B. self-enhancement C. openness to change D. self-transcendence E. hedonism ______ is defined by restraint of actions, inclinations, and impulses likely to upset or harm others and violate social expectations or norms. A. Benevolence B. Security C. Tradition D. Conformity E. Universalism _________ are both elements of hedonism. A. Achievement and stimulation B. Self-enhancement and openness to change C. Self-transcendence and openness to change D. Stimulation and self-direction E. Stimulation and power Samuel values his tradition and conformity. Not surprisingly, family time is very important to him. His employer, Stillman & Sons, expects him to work on holidays. Stillman & Sons and Samuel do not share the values of A. conservation. B. self-direction. C. self-transcendence. D. openness to change. E. self-enhancement. Chris, a manager, knows that one of his employees values achievement and power. Chris should assign the employee to a job that includes A. high social value. B. high security. C. high self-direction. D. high conformity. E. high influence over others Carla will graduate from her business program next month. She is happiest in jobs where she doesn't know what will be waiting for her when she gets to work, and she excels at problem solving. Carla needs a career that involves A. security. B. benevolence. C. tradition. D. power. E. stimulation. Tanya believes that people should be kind to each other. She notices that Ellie is picking on a new employee, Michele. Tanya asks Ellie to stop bullying Michele, but Ellie's behavior doesn't change. Tanya confronts Ellie and a heated argument ensues, after which Tanya suggests that Ellie transfer to another department. In this case, Tanya's ________ are different from her values. A. intentions B. abstract ideals C. personal beliefs D. personal goals E. cognitions Values represent beliefs that influence behaviors _____________; attitudes relate to behavior __________. A. across all situations; toward specific targets B. toward specific targets; across all situations C. across all situations; toward people D. toward specific objects; toward specific people E. toward specific people; toward specific objects The components of attitudes include A. values, beliefs, and emotions. B. affective, cognitive, and behavioral. C. personal and workplace. D. perceived and real. E. public and personal. Tony believes that cell phone use-even in restaurants-helps people manage their busy lives. Tony's belief reflects the __________ component of his attitude. A. behavioral B. objective C. cognitive D. normative E. affective Sally doesn't complain to a man smoking in the nonsmoking section of a restaurant because it doesn't bother her. This lack of irritation reflects the ______ component of her attitude. She is neutral toward people smoking in restaurants. A. behavioral B. intellectual C. cognitive D. normative E. affective The president of American Systems announces that all employees will be going on a trip to San Francisco. Some employees like the idea and some don't. According to the _________ component of attitudes, these evaluations reflect the feelings of the employees. A. behavioral B. affective C. cognitive D. normative E. intellectual The head of ABC Company announces that the company is going to start a weekend project teaching self-defense techniques to underprivileged kids in the neighborhood. Thomas decides to register for the project, as he is a trained kickboxer. This action of Thomas reflects the __________ component of his attitude. A. behavioral B. affective C. cognitive D. normative E. intellectual Dawn is at the playground with her four-year-old daughter. The father of another child is yelling and cursing at him. Dawn decides to tell the father to stop the verbal abuse or leave the playground, or she will call the authorities. Dawn's behavior reflects the _______ component of her attitude. A. intellectual B. affective C. cognitive D. behavioral E. value _________ is the psychological discomfort a person experiences when simultaneously holding two or more conflicting cognitions. A. perceived stress B. counterproductive work behavior C. psychological dissonance D. cognitive dissonance E. affective discomfort As a senior student representative on the ethics advisory board of your university, you feel strongly that cheating on college exams is unethical. You never cheated on any exam. However, this semester your best friend was desperate for your help, and you allowed him to take a quick "peek" at your answer sheet. Since then, you feel uncomfortable every time you think of the situation. Which of the following concepts best explains your psychological discomfort? A. job detachment B. cognitive dissonance C. emotional labor D. emotional dissonance E. affective detachment Jane hates the idea of child labor. She works for a company that claims that it doesn't employ children. However, news reports accuse the company of employing young children overseas. ______ is the psychological discomfort that Jane is experiencing since she heard this news. A. Cognitive dissonance B. Emotional labor C. Behavioral intention D. Emotional dissonance E. Intelligence disunity ___________ are the key links between ___________ in Ajzen's Theory of Planned Behavior.