ESL 154 Exam Tested Questions With
Revised Answers | UPDATED!!
What are sentence stems and why are they used? -
ANSWER Sentence starters followed by blank lines.
Provide scaffolding to help students get started in
speaking or writing without the added pressure of
thinking about how to correctly formulate a response.
Academic language and sentence structure is difficult for
ELLs. Stems help with proper sentence structure. They
help build an understanding of syntactic structure
Decoding - ANSWER Reader's ability to use
knowledge of the relationships between letters in print
and the speech sounds they represent in order to
identify an unfamiliar word.
Word roots - ANSWER Main words or parts to which
prefixes and suffixes can be added
, Affixes - ANSWER Parts added to the beginning
(prefix) or end (suffix) of a root word to create new
words.
Alphabetic Principle - ANSWER Understanding that
letters and letter patterns represent the sounds of
spoken words.
Phonemic Awareness - ANSWER Being able to
identify speech sounds
Example: student able to tell the difference between /b/
and /t/.
NOT related to the printed symbols representing those
sounds
Structural Analysis - ANSWER Breaking a word down
by isolating its prefixes and suffixes to better identify the
word
Phonics - ANSWER Matching the sound of letters to
the printed symbols for those letters.
,Example: student sees the letter /t/ and knows the sound
that letter makes;
Non-Tonal Languages - ANSWER Tone, not
grammar, is used to distinguish words which would
otherwise be homonyms. Pitch is used to distinguish
word meaning
Graphophonemic Knowledge - ANSWER Recognition
of letters and the understanding of sound-symbol
relationships and spelling patterns; often referred to as
phonics
Coordinating Conjunctions (FANBOYS) - ANSWER
Join grammatically similar elements (2 nouns, 2 verbs, 2
modifiers, 2 independent clauses); for, and, nor, but, or,
yet, so;
Infinitive phrase - ANSWER Phrases that begin with
an infinitive. (to + simple form of the verb)
, Subordinate clause - ANSWER Subject + Verb -
cannot stand alone as a sentence because it does not
provide a complete thought.
Independent clause - ANSWER Expresses a complete
thought and can stand alone as a sentence. Has both a
subject and a verb.
One of the most obvious types of ______________ cue
____________ by Spanish speakers acquiring English as a
second language is in the use of prepositions. It is easy
for them to mix up the use of corresponding English
preposition because they are not differentiated in
Spanish - ANSWER Forward cue transfer
What is another name for prepositions? - ANSWER
Satellites
Forward transfer - ANSWER The individual may
apply knowledge from their native language (L1) in the
acquisition of their second language
Revised Answers | UPDATED!!
What are sentence stems and why are they used? -
ANSWER Sentence starters followed by blank lines.
Provide scaffolding to help students get started in
speaking or writing without the added pressure of
thinking about how to correctly formulate a response.
Academic language and sentence structure is difficult for
ELLs. Stems help with proper sentence structure. They
help build an understanding of syntactic structure
Decoding - ANSWER Reader's ability to use
knowledge of the relationships between letters in print
and the speech sounds they represent in order to
identify an unfamiliar word.
Word roots - ANSWER Main words or parts to which
prefixes and suffixes can be added
, Affixes - ANSWER Parts added to the beginning
(prefix) or end (suffix) of a root word to create new
words.
Alphabetic Principle - ANSWER Understanding that
letters and letter patterns represent the sounds of
spoken words.
Phonemic Awareness - ANSWER Being able to
identify speech sounds
Example: student able to tell the difference between /b/
and /t/.
NOT related to the printed symbols representing those
sounds
Structural Analysis - ANSWER Breaking a word down
by isolating its prefixes and suffixes to better identify the
word
Phonics - ANSWER Matching the sound of letters to
the printed symbols for those letters.
,Example: student sees the letter /t/ and knows the sound
that letter makes;
Non-Tonal Languages - ANSWER Tone, not
grammar, is used to distinguish words which would
otherwise be homonyms. Pitch is used to distinguish
word meaning
Graphophonemic Knowledge - ANSWER Recognition
of letters and the understanding of sound-symbol
relationships and spelling patterns; often referred to as
phonics
Coordinating Conjunctions (FANBOYS) - ANSWER
Join grammatically similar elements (2 nouns, 2 verbs, 2
modifiers, 2 independent clauses); for, and, nor, but, or,
yet, so;
Infinitive phrase - ANSWER Phrases that begin with
an infinitive. (to + simple form of the verb)
, Subordinate clause - ANSWER Subject + Verb -
cannot stand alone as a sentence because it does not
provide a complete thought.
Independent clause - ANSWER Expresses a complete
thought and can stand alone as a sentence. Has both a
subject and a verb.
One of the most obvious types of ______________ cue
____________ by Spanish speakers acquiring English as a
second language is in the use of prepositions. It is easy
for them to mix up the use of corresponding English
preposition because they are not differentiated in
Spanish - ANSWER Forward cue transfer
What is another name for prepositions? - ANSWER
Satellites
Forward transfer - ANSWER The individual may
apply knowledge from their native language (L1) in the
acquisition of their second language
