NURS 5315 GI Module 9, exam 5 With
Correct Answers
Upper nGI norgans n- nANS-mouth,pharynx, nesophagus, nstomach, nand nduodenum
Lower nGI norgans n- nANS-small nintestine, nlarge nintestine, nrectum nand nanus
Hepatoportal ncirculation n- nANS-hepatic nartery nreceives noxygenated nblood nfrom nthe
ninferior nmesenteric, ngastric, nand ncystic nveins. nThe nhepatic nportal nvein nreceives
ndeoxygenated nblood nfrom nthe ninferior nand nsuperior nmesenteric nvein nand nsplenic
nvein nand ndelivers nnutrients nthat nhave nbeen nabsorbed nfrom nthe nintestinal nsystem
Osmotic ndiarrhea n- nANS-Caused nby nthe npresence nof na nnonabsorbable nsubstance
nin nthe nintestines. nThis npulls nwater nby nosmosis ninto nthe nintestinal nlumen nand
nresults nin nlarge nvolume ndiarrhea. nThis nis nhow nmag ncitrate, nlactulose nand nmiralax
nwork. nCauses ninclude: nexcessive ningestion nof nnonabsorbable nsugars, ntube
nfeedings, ndumping nsyndrome, nmalabsorption, npancreatic nenzyme ndeficiency, nbile
nsalt ndeficiency, nsmall nintestine nbacterial novergrowth nor nceliac ndisease
Secretory ndiarrhea n- nANS-Results nin nlarge nvolume nlosses nsecondary nto ninfectious
ncauses nsuch nas nrotavirus, nbacterial nenterotoxins, nor nc-diff.
Motility ndiarrhea n- nANS-AKA nshort nbowel nsyndrome. nResults nfrom nresection nof
nsmall nintestine nor nsurgical nbypass nof nsmall nintestine, nIBS, ndiabetic nneuropathy,
nhyperthyroidism, nand nlaxative nabuse. nFatty nstools nand nbloating nare ncommon nin
nmalabsorption nsyndrome. nComplications ninclude: ndehydration, nelectrolyte
nimbalance, nmetabolic nacidosis, nweight nloss nand nmalabsorption.
Upper nGI nbleed n- nANS-bleeding nthat noccurs nin nthe nesophagus, nstomach nor
nduodenum ncommonly ncaused nby nbleeding nvarices, npeptic nulcers nor nMallory-Weiss
ntear(tearing nof nesophagus nfrom nstomach) nCharacterized nby nfrank, nbright nred nor
ncoffee nground nemesis.
Lower nGI nbleed n- nANS-Bleeding nin nthe njejunum, nileum, ncolon nor nrectum nfrom
ninflammatory nbowel ndisease, ncancer, ndiverticula nor nhemorrhoids. nHematochezia, nor
nthe npresence nof nbright nred nblood nin nthe nstools, nsuggest nwhat nkind nof nbleed
Peptic nUlcer nDisease n- nANS-Is na nbreak nin nthe nintegrity nof nthe nmucosa nof nthe
nesophagus, nstomach nor nduodenum nresulting nin nexposure nof nthe ntissue nto ngastric
nacid. nRisk nfactors ninclude nsmoking, nadvanced nage, nNSAID nuse, nETOH, nchronic
ndisease, nacute npancreatitis, nCOPD, nobesity, nsocioeconomic nstatus, ngastrinoma,
, nand ninfection nwith nHelicobacter npylori. nS&S: nEpigastric npain nis nworse nwith neating,
nmelena nor nhematemesis
Duodenal nulcers n- nANS-most ncommon nand ntend nto ndevelop nin nyounger npatients.
nS&S: nepigastric npain nthat nis nrelieved nby nfood. nPatients nmay nhave nmelena(black
nand ntarry nstool) nor nhematemesis
Ulcerative ncolitis n(UC) n- nANS-Inflammatory ndisease nof nthe nlarge ninstestine nin
npersons n20-40y/o. nLess ncommon nin npeople nwho nsmoke. nHas nperiods nof
nremission nand nexacerbations. nCharacterized nby ninflammation nand nulcerations nthat
nremain nsuperficial nand nin nthe nsmall nintestine.
UC nS&S n- nANS-recurrent ndiarrhea, nbloody nstools, nfebrile, npolyarthritis, nuveitis,
nsclerosing ncholangitis, nerythema nnodosum nand npyoderma ngangrenosum
UC ncomplications n- nANS-fissures, nhemorrhoids, nperirectal nabscess, ntoxic
nmegacolon, ncolon nperforation, nand ncolorectal nadenocarcinoma. nIncreased nrisk nof
nVTE nand nmicrothrombi, nand ncolon ncancer
Crohn's ndisease n- nANS-Chronic ninflammatory ndisorders nthat ncan naffect nany nportion
nof nthe nGI ntract nbut nmost noften nin nthe nileum nand nproximal ncolon. nAffects npersons
nin ntheir n20-30s nand nof njewish ndecent. nCARD15/NOD2 ngene nmutation ncommonly
nassociated.
Crohn's ndisease nrisk nfactors n- nANS-smoking, nfamily nhistory, nJewish ndecent, nage
nless nthan n40, nslight npredominance nin nwomen nand naltered ngut nmicrobiome.
Crohn's ndisease npatho n- nANS-includes ntrasmural ninvolvement nof nthe naffected
narea(entire nwall nof nintestine nis naffected) nand nthe npresence nof nskip nlesions.
nDisease nprogression nmay nlead nto nabscess nformation nin nGI ntract. nPossible ncauses
ninclude ninfectious nagents, nautoimmune, npsychosomatic, nimpaired nT-cell nimmunity
Crohn's ndisease nS&S n- nANS-abd npain, ndiarrhea, ndehydration, nbloody nstools,
nmalabsorption, nmalnutrition, nweight nloss, nintestinal nobstruction nfrom nchronic
ninflammation, nfistulas nand nperforation nof nthe nintestine
Diverticular ndisease n- nANS-Characterized nas nthe npresence nof ndiverticula nin nthe
nlarge nintestine. nRisk nfactors ninclude nolder nage, ngenetic npredisposition, nobesity,
nsmoking, ndiet, nlack nof nexercise, nASA nand nother nNSAIDS, naltered nDI nmicrobiome
nand nabnormal ncolonic nperistalsis
Diverticulosis/Diverticulitis n- nANS-outpouchings nof nmucosa nfrom nthe nmuscle nlayer
nof nthe nintestine nthat nprotrude ninto nthe nintestinal nlumen nmost ncommonly nin nthe
nsigmoid ncolon. nDiverticulosis nis nthe npresence nof ndiverticula nin nan nasymptomatic
nperson. nDiverticulitis nis nan ninflammation nof ndiverticula nand ncause nLLQ npain.
nResults nin nabscess nformation, nrupture nand nperitonitis
Correct Answers
Upper nGI norgans n- nANS-mouth,pharynx, nesophagus, nstomach, nand nduodenum
Lower nGI norgans n- nANS-small nintestine, nlarge nintestine, nrectum nand nanus
Hepatoportal ncirculation n- nANS-hepatic nartery nreceives noxygenated nblood nfrom nthe
ninferior nmesenteric, ngastric, nand ncystic nveins. nThe nhepatic nportal nvein nreceives
ndeoxygenated nblood nfrom nthe ninferior nand nsuperior nmesenteric nvein nand nsplenic
nvein nand ndelivers nnutrients nthat nhave nbeen nabsorbed nfrom nthe nintestinal nsystem
Osmotic ndiarrhea n- nANS-Caused nby nthe npresence nof na nnonabsorbable nsubstance
nin nthe nintestines. nThis npulls nwater nby nosmosis ninto nthe nintestinal nlumen nand
nresults nin nlarge nvolume ndiarrhea. nThis nis nhow nmag ncitrate, nlactulose nand nmiralax
nwork. nCauses ninclude: nexcessive ningestion nof nnonabsorbable nsugars, ntube
nfeedings, ndumping nsyndrome, nmalabsorption, npancreatic nenzyme ndeficiency, nbile
nsalt ndeficiency, nsmall nintestine nbacterial novergrowth nor nceliac ndisease
Secretory ndiarrhea n- nANS-Results nin nlarge nvolume nlosses nsecondary nto ninfectious
ncauses nsuch nas nrotavirus, nbacterial nenterotoxins, nor nc-diff.
Motility ndiarrhea n- nANS-AKA nshort nbowel nsyndrome. nResults nfrom nresection nof
nsmall nintestine nor nsurgical nbypass nof nsmall nintestine, nIBS, ndiabetic nneuropathy,
nhyperthyroidism, nand nlaxative nabuse. nFatty nstools nand nbloating nare ncommon nin
nmalabsorption nsyndrome. nComplications ninclude: ndehydration, nelectrolyte
nimbalance, nmetabolic nacidosis, nweight nloss nand nmalabsorption.
Upper nGI nbleed n- nANS-bleeding nthat noccurs nin nthe nesophagus, nstomach nor
nduodenum ncommonly ncaused nby nbleeding nvarices, npeptic nulcers nor nMallory-Weiss
ntear(tearing nof nesophagus nfrom nstomach) nCharacterized nby nfrank, nbright nred nor
ncoffee nground nemesis.
Lower nGI nbleed n- nANS-Bleeding nin nthe njejunum, nileum, ncolon nor nrectum nfrom
ninflammatory nbowel ndisease, ncancer, ndiverticula nor nhemorrhoids. nHematochezia, nor
nthe npresence nof nbright nred nblood nin nthe nstools, nsuggest nwhat nkind nof nbleed
Peptic nUlcer nDisease n- nANS-Is na nbreak nin nthe nintegrity nof nthe nmucosa nof nthe
nesophagus, nstomach nor nduodenum nresulting nin nexposure nof nthe ntissue nto ngastric
nacid. nRisk nfactors ninclude nsmoking, nadvanced nage, nNSAID nuse, nETOH, nchronic
ndisease, nacute npancreatitis, nCOPD, nobesity, nsocioeconomic nstatus, ngastrinoma,
, nand ninfection nwith nHelicobacter npylori. nS&S: nEpigastric npain nis nworse nwith neating,
nmelena nor nhematemesis
Duodenal nulcers n- nANS-most ncommon nand ntend nto ndevelop nin nyounger npatients.
nS&S: nepigastric npain nthat nis nrelieved nby nfood. nPatients nmay nhave nmelena(black
nand ntarry nstool) nor nhematemesis
Ulcerative ncolitis n(UC) n- nANS-Inflammatory ndisease nof nthe nlarge ninstestine nin
npersons n20-40y/o. nLess ncommon nin npeople nwho nsmoke. nHas nperiods nof
nremission nand nexacerbations. nCharacterized nby ninflammation nand nulcerations nthat
nremain nsuperficial nand nin nthe nsmall nintestine.
UC nS&S n- nANS-recurrent ndiarrhea, nbloody nstools, nfebrile, npolyarthritis, nuveitis,
nsclerosing ncholangitis, nerythema nnodosum nand npyoderma ngangrenosum
UC ncomplications n- nANS-fissures, nhemorrhoids, nperirectal nabscess, ntoxic
nmegacolon, ncolon nperforation, nand ncolorectal nadenocarcinoma. nIncreased nrisk nof
nVTE nand nmicrothrombi, nand ncolon ncancer
Crohn's ndisease n- nANS-Chronic ninflammatory ndisorders nthat ncan naffect nany nportion
nof nthe nGI ntract nbut nmost noften nin nthe nileum nand nproximal ncolon. nAffects npersons
nin ntheir n20-30s nand nof njewish ndecent. nCARD15/NOD2 ngene nmutation ncommonly
nassociated.
Crohn's ndisease nrisk nfactors n- nANS-smoking, nfamily nhistory, nJewish ndecent, nage
nless nthan n40, nslight npredominance nin nwomen nand naltered ngut nmicrobiome.
Crohn's ndisease npatho n- nANS-includes ntrasmural ninvolvement nof nthe naffected
narea(entire nwall nof nintestine nis naffected) nand nthe npresence nof nskip nlesions.
nDisease nprogression nmay nlead nto nabscess nformation nin nGI ntract. nPossible ncauses
ninclude ninfectious nagents, nautoimmune, npsychosomatic, nimpaired nT-cell nimmunity
Crohn's ndisease nS&S n- nANS-abd npain, ndiarrhea, ndehydration, nbloody nstools,
nmalabsorption, nmalnutrition, nweight nloss, nintestinal nobstruction nfrom nchronic
ninflammation, nfistulas nand nperforation nof nthe nintestine
Diverticular ndisease n- nANS-Characterized nas nthe npresence nof ndiverticula nin nthe
nlarge nintestine. nRisk nfactors ninclude nolder nage, ngenetic npredisposition, nobesity,
nsmoking, ndiet, nlack nof nexercise, nASA nand nother nNSAIDS, naltered nDI nmicrobiome
nand nabnormal ncolonic nperistalsis
Diverticulosis/Diverticulitis n- nANS-outpouchings nof nmucosa nfrom nthe nmuscle nlayer
nof nthe nintestine nthat nprotrude ninto nthe nintestinal nlumen nmost ncommonly nin nthe
nsigmoid ncolon. nDiverticulosis nis nthe npresence nof ndiverticula nin nan nasymptomatic
nperson. nDiverticulitis nis nan ninflammation nof ndiverticula nand ncause nLLQ npain.
nResults nin nabscess nformation, nrupture nand nperitonitis
