NURS j5315 jFinal
1. A jpatient jin jrespiratory jdistress jand jis jbreathing j33 jbreaths jper
j minute. jWhich jABG jvalue jis jconsistent jwith jthe jclinical jscenario?
PCO2 j15
pH j7.30
pH j7.45
O2 jsat j100%: jA jpatient jwho jis jbreathing j33 jbreaths jper jminute jis jhyperventilating
j and jblowing joff jCO2; jtherefore jthe jPCO2 jlevel jwill jbe jlow. jThe jpatient jwill jmost jlikely
j experience ja jrespiratory jalkalosis jand jthe jtwo jpH jvalues jprovided jare jnot jconsistent
j with jthis jdiagnosis.
2. A jpatient jhas ja jsodium jlevel jof j115 jmEq/L jand jis jdisoriented jand
j lethargic. jWhich jpathological jprocess jbest jexplains jthis jpatient's jsymptoms?
a. The jaction jpotential jhas jbecome jhyperpolarized.
b. Water jhas jshifted jinto jthe jneurons jand jcaused jthem jto jswell.
c. Water jhas jshifted jinto jthe jvascular jspace jand jdehydrated jthe jneurons.
d. The jaction jpotential jhas jbecome jhypopolarized.: jb. jThe jcause jof jneurologic
1 j/
, NURS j5315 jFinal
j symptoms jassociated jwith ja jsodium jimbalance jis jdirectly jrelated jto jfluid jshifting
j into jor jout jof jthe jneurons jof jthe jbrain. jWith ja jserum jsodium jof j115 jmEq/L, jwater
j shifts jinto jthe jneurons jand jcauses jthem jto jswell. jHypernatremia jcauses jwater jto
j shift jout jof jthe jcell jinto jthe jintravascular jspace jand jcauses jthe jneurons jto jbecome
j dehydrated. jAn jalteration jin jthe jaction jpotential jis jnot jseen jwith jsodium jimbalances.
3. A jpatient jexperiencing jdehydration jshould jbe jmonitored jfor jwhich
j elec- jtrolyte jimbalance?
a. Hyperkalemia
b. Hypocalcemia
c. Hypercalcemia
d. Hyponatermia: ja. jSerum josmolality jis jincreased jduring jtimes jof jdehydration. jAn
j elevated jserum josmolality jwill jpull jpotassium jinto jthe jintravascular jspace jfrom jthe
j intracellular jspace jand jcause ja jrise jin jserum jpotassium.
4. A jmarried jcouple jpresents jto jyour joffice jfor jgenetic jcounseling. jThe jhus-
j band jhas jan jautosomal jrecessive jdisease jand jhis jwife jhas ja jheterozygous
2 j/
, NURS j5315 jFinal
j genotype jfor jthe jdisease. jThey jask jyou, jWhat jis jthe jchance jthat jour jbaby jwill
j have jthe jdisease? jWhich jof jthe jfollowing janswers jis jcorrect?
25%
50%
75%
100%: jA jchromosome jis ja jpackage jof jmaterial jlocated jinside jthe jcell jnucleus jwhich
j is jmade jof jproteins jand ja jsingle jmolecule jof jDNA. jThere jare j23 jpairs jof
j chromosomes jin jeach jhuman jcell jfor ja jtotal jof j46 jchromosomes. jChromosomes jare
j separated jinto jtwo jidentical jsets jduring jmitosis jor jmeiosis. jThis jprovides ja jset
3 j/
, NURS j5315 jFinal
of jchromosomes jto jeach jdaughter jcell jwhich jresults jfrom jcell jdivision. jThis jprocessjis
j responsible jfor jthe jtransfer jof jgenetic jinformation jto jthe jdaughter jcells. jThe jfirst j22
j pairs jof jchromosomes jare jknown jas jautosomes. jThe j23rd jpair jof jchromosomes jis jthe
j pair jwhich jcontains jthe jgenetic jinformation jfor jgender. jThis jpair jcontains
the jgenetic jinformation jwhich jdelineates jbetween jthe jmale jand jfemale jgenders.
j Females jhave jtwo jX jchromosomes j(XX) jand jmales jhave jan jXY jchromosome jpair.
j Autosomal jchromosomes jare jsaid jto jbe jautologous. jThis jmeans jthey jdo jnot jcarry
j genetic jinformation jpertaining jto jgender. jAutosomal jgenetic jdiseases jare jcarried jon
j the jfirst j22 jpairs jof jchromosomes. jSex-linked jdiseases jare jonly jcarried jon
the j23rd jpair jof jchromosomes. jThe jautosomal jchromosomes jare jnearly jidentical jto
j one janother jand jare jconsidered jhomologous jto jone janother. jEach jautosomal
j chromosome jin ja jpair jcarries jidentical jgenes.jThese jtwo jgenes jare jknown jas jalleles.
j The jalleles joccupy jthe jsame jsite jon jeach jpartner jof jthe jchromosome jpair jand jcode
j for jthe jsame jgenetic jtrait jor jphysiologic jfunction. jAlleles jcan jbe jdominant jor
j recessive. jOne jallele jmay jbe jdominant jand jthe jother jrecessive, jor jthey jboth jmay jbe
4 j/
1. A jpatient jin jrespiratory jdistress jand jis jbreathing j33 jbreaths jper
j minute. jWhich jABG jvalue jis jconsistent jwith jthe jclinical jscenario?
PCO2 j15
pH j7.30
pH j7.45
O2 jsat j100%: jA jpatient jwho jis jbreathing j33 jbreaths jper jminute jis jhyperventilating
j and jblowing joff jCO2; jtherefore jthe jPCO2 jlevel jwill jbe jlow. jThe jpatient jwill jmost jlikely
j experience ja jrespiratory jalkalosis jand jthe jtwo jpH jvalues jprovided jare jnot jconsistent
j with jthis jdiagnosis.
2. A jpatient jhas ja jsodium jlevel jof j115 jmEq/L jand jis jdisoriented jand
j lethargic. jWhich jpathological jprocess jbest jexplains jthis jpatient's jsymptoms?
a. The jaction jpotential jhas jbecome jhyperpolarized.
b. Water jhas jshifted jinto jthe jneurons jand jcaused jthem jto jswell.
c. Water jhas jshifted jinto jthe jvascular jspace jand jdehydrated jthe jneurons.
d. The jaction jpotential jhas jbecome jhypopolarized.: jb. jThe jcause jof jneurologic
1 j/
, NURS j5315 jFinal
j symptoms jassociated jwith ja jsodium jimbalance jis jdirectly jrelated jto jfluid jshifting
j into jor jout jof jthe jneurons jof jthe jbrain. jWith ja jserum jsodium jof j115 jmEq/L, jwater
j shifts jinto jthe jneurons jand jcauses jthem jto jswell. jHypernatremia jcauses jwater jto
j shift jout jof jthe jcell jinto jthe jintravascular jspace jand jcauses jthe jneurons jto jbecome
j dehydrated. jAn jalteration jin jthe jaction jpotential jis jnot jseen jwith jsodium jimbalances.
3. A jpatient jexperiencing jdehydration jshould jbe jmonitored jfor jwhich
j elec- jtrolyte jimbalance?
a. Hyperkalemia
b. Hypocalcemia
c. Hypercalcemia
d. Hyponatermia: ja. jSerum josmolality jis jincreased jduring jtimes jof jdehydration. jAn
j elevated jserum josmolality jwill jpull jpotassium jinto jthe jintravascular jspace jfrom jthe
j intracellular jspace jand jcause ja jrise jin jserum jpotassium.
4. A jmarried jcouple jpresents jto jyour joffice jfor jgenetic jcounseling. jThe jhus-
j band jhas jan jautosomal jrecessive jdisease jand jhis jwife jhas ja jheterozygous
2 j/
, NURS j5315 jFinal
j genotype jfor jthe jdisease. jThey jask jyou, jWhat jis jthe jchance jthat jour jbaby jwill
j have jthe jdisease? jWhich jof jthe jfollowing janswers jis jcorrect?
25%
50%
75%
100%: jA jchromosome jis ja jpackage jof jmaterial jlocated jinside jthe jcell jnucleus jwhich
j is jmade jof jproteins jand ja jsingle jmolecule jof jDNA. jThere jare j23 jpairs jof
j chromosomes jin jeach jhuman jcell jfor ja jtotal jof j46 jchromosomes. jChromosomes jare
j separated jinto jtwo jidentical jsets jduring jmitosis jor jmeiosis. jThis jprovides ja jset
3 j/
, NURS j5315 jFinal
of jchromosomes jto jeach jdaughter jcell jwhich jresults jfrom jcell jdivision. jThis jprocessjis
j responsible jfor jthe jtransfer jof jgenetic jinformation jto jthe jdaughter jcells. jThe jfirst j22
j pairs jof jchromosomes jare jknown jas jautosomes. jThe j23rd jpair jof jchromosomes jis jthe
j pair jwhich jcontains jthe jgenetic jinformation jfor jgender. jThis jpair jcontains
the jgenetic jinformation jwhich jdelineates jbetween jthe jmale jand jfemale jgenders.
j Females jhave jtwo jX jchromosomes j(XX) jand jmales jhave jan jXY jchromosome jpair.
j Autosomal jchromosomes jare jsaid jto jbe jautologous. jThis jmeans jthey jdo jnot jcarry
j genetic jinformation jpertaining jto jgender. jAutosomal jgenetic jdiseases jare jcarried jon
j the jfirst j22 jpairs jof jchromosomes. jSex-linked jdiseases jare jonly jcarried jon
the j23rd jpair jof jchromosomes. jThe jautosomal jchromosomes jare jnearly jidentical jto
j one janother jand jare jconsidered jhomologous jto jone janother. jEach jautosomal
j chromosome jin ja jpair jcarries jidentical jgenes.jThese jtwo jgenes jare jknown jas jalleles.
j The jalleles joccupy jthe jsame jsite jon jeach jpartner jof jthe jchromosome jpair jand jcode
j for jthe jsame jgenetic jtrait jor jphysiologic jfunction. jAlleles jcan jbe jdominant jor
j recessive. jOne jallele jmay jbe jdominant jand jthe jother jrecessive, jor jthey jboth jmay jbe
4 j/
