Muscle Proximal Attachment Distal Attachment Innervation Action
Trapezius Medial third of superior nuchal line, Lateral third of Spinal accessory nerve Descending (upper) portion
external occipital protuberance, clavicle, acromion, (CN XI), C3, C4 Spinal elevates, ascending (lower)
nuchal ligament, spinous process of spine of scapula Nerves portion depresses, middle portion
C7-T12 Vertebrae retracts scapula, descending and
ascending parts together rotate
glenoid cavity superiorly
Levator Scapulae posterior tubercles of transverse Medial border of Dorsal Scapular (C4, C5) Elevates scapula, rotates glenoid
processes of C1-C4 Vertebrae scapula superior to and cervical (C3, C4) cavity inferiorly (via rotation of
root of scapular spine scapula), Ipsilateral side bending
Rhomboid Major Spinous Processes of T2-T5 Medial border of Dorsal Scapular Nerve (C4, Retract scapula, rotate glenoid
scapula from level of C5) cavity inferiorly, fix scapula to
spine to inferior angle thoracic wall
Rhomboid Minor Nuchal ligament, spinous processes Smooth triangular Dorsal Scapular Nerve (C4, Retract scapula, rotate glenoid
of C7 & T1 area at medial end of C5) cavity inferiorly, fix scapula to
scapular spine thoracic wall
Serratus anterior anterior aspect of ribs 1-8 anterior surface of Long thoracic N (C5, C6, protracts scapula, holds it against
medial border of the C7) thoracic wall, rotates scap
scap
Pectoralis Major Clavicular head: anterior surface of Lateral lip of Lateral and Medial Pectoral Adducts and medially rotates
medial half of clavicle Sternocostal intertubercular sulcus N.; clavicular head: (C5, humerus; draws scapula
head: anterior surface of sternum, of humerus C6) Sternocostal head: anteriorly and inferiorly. Acting
superior 6 costal cartilages, (C7, C8, T1) alone clavicular head flexes
aponeurosis of external oblique humerus and sternocostal head
muscle extends it from a flexed position
Pectoralis Minor 3-5th ribs near their costal cartilages medial border and Medial Pectoral N. (C8, T1) Stabilizes scapula by drawing it
superior surface of inferiorly and anteriorly against
coracoid process of thoracic wall
scapula
Subclavius junction of 1st rib and its costal inferior surface of subclavian N (C5, C6) anchors and depresses clavicle
cartilage middle 1/3rd of
clavicle
Coracobrachialis tip of coracoid process of scapula middle third of medial musculocutaneous N. (C5, helps flex and adduct arm, resists
surface of humerus C6, C7) dislocation of shoulder
Biceps Brachii Short head: tip of coracoid process of tuberosity of radius musculocutaneous N. (C5, supinates forearm and when it is
(LH & SH) scapula long head: supraglenoid and fascia of forearm C6, C7) supine flexes the forearm; short
tubercle of scapula via bicipital head resists dislocation of
Trapezius Medial third of superior nuchal line, Lateral third of Spinal accessory nerve Descending (upper) portion
external occipital protuberance, clavicle, acromion, (CN XI), C3, C4 Spinal elevates, ascending (lower)
nuchal ligament, spinous process of spine of scapula Nerves portion depresses, middle portion
C7-T12 Vertebrae retracts scapula, descending and
ascending parts together rotate
glenoid cavity superiorly
Levator Scapulae posterior tubercles of transverse Medial border of Dorsal Scapular (C4, C5) Elevates scapula, rotates glenoid
processes of C1-C4 Vertebrae scapula superior to and cervical (C3, C4) cavity inferiorly (via rotation of
root of scapular spine scapula), Ipsilateral side bending
Rhomboid Major Spinous Processes of T2-T5 Medial border of Dorsal Scapular Nerve (C4, Retract scapula, rotate glenoid
scapula from level of C5) cavity inferiorly, fix scapula to
spine to inferior angle thoracic wall
Rhomboid Minor Nuchal ligament, spinous processes Smooth triangular Dorsal Scapular Nerve (C4, Retract scapula, rotate glenoid
of C7 & T1 area at medial end of C5) cavity inferiorly, fix scapula to
scapular spine thoracic wall
Serratus anterior anterior aspect of ribs 1-8 anterior surface of Long thoracic N (C5, C6, protracts scapula, holds it against
medial border of the C7) thoracic wall, rotates scap
scap
Pectoralis Major Clavicular head: anterior surface of Lateral lip of Lateral and Medial Pectoral Adducts and medially rotates
medial half of clavicle Sternocostal intertubercular sulcus N.; clavicular head: (C5, humerus; draws scapula
head: anterior surface of sternum, of humerus C6) Sternocostal head: anteriorly and inferiorly. Acting
superior 6 costal cartilages, (C7, C8, T1) alone clavicular head flexes
aponeurosis of external oblique humerus and sternocostal head
muscle extends it from a flexed position
Pectoralis Minor 3-5th ribs near their costal cartilages medial border and Medial Pectoral N. (C8, T1) Stabilizes scapula by drawing it
superior surface of inferiorly and anteriorly against
coracoid process of thoracic wall
scapula
Subclavius junction of 1st rib and its costal inferior surface of subclavian N (C5, C6) anchors and depresses clavicle
cartilage middle 1/3rd of
clavicle
Coracobrachialis tip of coracoid process of scapula middle third of medial musculocutaneous N. (C5, helps flex and adduct arm, resists
surface of humerus C6, C7) dislocation of shoulder
Biceps Brachii Short head: tip of coracoid process of tuberosity of radius musculocutaneous N. (C5, supinates forearm and when it is
(LH & SH) scapula long head: supraglenoid and fascia of forearm C6, C7) supine flexes the forearm; short
tubercle of scapula via bicipital head resists dislocation of
