Comprehensive Radiographic Pathology
- Ch. 2: Specialized Imaging
Technologies
(Full Field Digital Mammography) relies on radiation captured by multiple cells that
convert the radiation energy to electrical energy to produce a numerical value. correct
answers mammography (FFDM)
cross-sectional imaging technique that uses high frequency sound waves correct
answers Ultrasound
craniocaudal and mediolateral obliqe projections correct answers Mammography
consists of which views?
"echo free" transmit sound waves easily and appear as the dark region on the image
correct answers Anechoic
are used to make comparisons of echo intensities between adjacent structures. lighter
shade = hyperechoic and darker shade = hypoechoic correct answers hyperechoic and
hypoechoic
describes two structures that have the same echogenicity even though the tissue is not
the same i.e. the liver tissue is often isoechoic to the spleen. correct answers isoechoic
produces cross-sectional tomographic images by scanning a slice of tissue from
multiple angles with a narrow x-ray beam, then calculating a relative linear attenuation
coefficient and displaying it on a monitor correct answers Computed Tomography (CT)
spiral scanning correct answers helical
can create a 3D image of the vascular system correct answers volume rendered
imaging
used in virtual colonoscopy to demonstrate the area inside the bowel lumen correct
answers virtual reality reconstructions
Inducing hydrogen atoms (protons) to alternate between a high-energy state and a low-
energy state by absorbing and releasing, or transferring energy. correct answers
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
, static magnetic field directs a specific frequency at the area correct answers
Radiofrequency (RF) pulse
substances causing high signal intensity (appear bright) correct answers T1-weighted
images
lower signal intensity appear dark correct answers T2-weighted images
relies on fast scanning techniques and rapid gradient switching to image the random
movements of water molecules within in organ (mostly brain) correct answers Diffusion
imaging
another application of MRI, relies on fast scanning techniques and the rapid infusion of
an intravenous contrast agent (gladolinium) correct answers Perfusion imaging
fat produces little or no signal and is suppressed on image correct answers Fat
suppression
a process that maps specific regions of the brain that correspond to specific functions
such as motor, sensory, memory, vision, and language. correct answers Functional
MRI (fMRI)
patient ingests or receives an injection of a radiopharmaceutical that emits radiation and
an image is created from the signals radiating from the patient. correct answers nuclear
medicine
a drug that is tagged to emit ionizing radiation (dose is determine by half-life and decay
rate of its attached radionuclide) correct answers radiopharmaceutical
detects the ionizing radiation with a sodium iodide crystal correct answers gamma
camera
nuclear medicine gamma camera that can rotate independently around the patient
creating 3D images correct answers Single-photon emission computed tomography
(SPECT)
a radionuclide tracer is used to produce images (decays by positron emission) correct
answers Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
a radionuclide tracer interacts with an electron, producing two high-energy photons
(gamma rays) in opposite directions that are detected by the camera. correct answers
annihilation
requires software to fuse two imaging modalities correct answers integrated imaging
- Ch. 2: Specialized Imaging
Technologies
(Full Field Digital Mammography) relies on radiation captured by multiple cells that
convert the radiation energy to electrical energy to produce a numerical value. correct
answers mammography (FFDM)
cross-sectional imaging technique that uses high frequency sound waves correct
answers Ultrasound
craniocaudal and mediolateral obliqe projections correct answers Mammography
consists of which views?
"echo free" transmit sound waves easily and appear as the dark region on the image
correct answers Anechoic
are used to make comparisons of echo intensities between adjacent structures. lighter
shade = hyperechoic and darker shade = hypoechoic correct answers hyperechoic and
hypoechoic
describes two structures that have the same echogenicity even though the tissue is not
the same i.e. the liver tissue is often isoechoic to the spleen. correct answers isoechoic
produces cross-sectional tomographic images by scanning a slice of tissue from
multiple angles with a narrow x-ray beam, then calculating a relative linear attenuation
coefficient and displaying it on a monitor correct answers Computed Tomography (CT)
spiral scanning correct answers helical
can create a 3D image of the vascular system correct answers volume rendered
imaging
used in virtual colonoscopy to demonstrate the area inside the bowel lumen correct
answers virtual reality reconstructions
Inducing hydrogen atoms (protons) to alternate between a high-energy state and a low-
energy state by absorbing and releasing, or transferring energy. correct answers
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
, static magnetic field directs a specific frequency at the area correct answers
Radiofrequency (RF) pulse
substances causing high signal intensity (appear bright) correct answers T1-weighted
images
lower signal intensity appear dark correct answers T2-weighted images
relies on fast scanning techniques and rapid gradient switching to image the random
movements of water molecules within in organ (mostly brain) correct answers Diffusion
imaging
another application of MRI, relies on fast scanning techniques and the rapid infusion of
an intravenous contrast agent (gladolinium) correct answers Perfusion imaging
fat produces little or no signal and is suppressed on image correct answers Fat
suppression
a process that maps specific regions of the brain that correspond to specific functions
such as motor, sensory, memory, vision, and language. correct answers Functional
MRI (fMRI)
patient ingests or receives an injection of a radiopharmaceutical that emits radiation and
an image is created from the signals radiating from the patient. correct answers nuclear
medicine
a drug that is tagged to emit ionizing radiation (dose is determine by half-life and decay
rate of its attached radionuclide) correct answers radiopharmaceutical
detects the ionizing radiation with a sodium iodide crystal correct answers gamma
camera
nuclear medicine gamma camera that can rotate independently around the patient
creating 3D images correct answers Single-photon emission computed tomography
(SPECT)
a radionuclide tracer is used to produce images (decays by positron emission) correct
answers Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
a radionuclide tracer interacts with an electron, producing two high-energy photons
(gamma rays) in opposite directions that are detected by the camera. correct answers
annihilation
requires software to fuse two imaging modalities correct answers integrated imaging
