CSCS EXAM PREP 2023-2024 (TEST PREP
BOOKS) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
Components of myofibrils - ANSWER myosin- thick filament, with head , rsponsible for splitting ATP
providing energy for the power stroke to grab onto the actin
actin- thin filament, double helix
troponin in actinbinds with Ca2+ from SR, exposes binding site on myosin to form cross bridges
Crircular muscle structure - ANSWER arranged in a concentric ring
Convergent muscle structure - ANSWER broad origin leading to a fan shaped muscle, looks similar to a
brush or duster
Parallell or longitudinal muscle structure - ANSWER long fascicles parallel to the long axis of muscle,
looks similar to 3 long lines
unipennnate muscle structure - ANSWER short fascicles insert obliquely into one side of a tendon, looks
similar to a comb
bipennate muscle structure - ANSWER fascicles insert into opposite sides of a central tendon, looks
similar to a pine tree upside down
multipennate muscle structure - ANSWER tendon branches within a muscle, looks like multiple
bipennate muscles combined
Isokinetic muscle action - ANSWER When a muscle shortens at a constant speed over the full range of
motion; a dynamic movement that doesnt occur naturally such as dynamometers
somatic nervous system - ANSWER the division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body's
skeletal muscles
,autonomic nervous system - ANSWER the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands
and the muscles of the internal organs (such as the heart).
Its sympathetic division arouses; fight or flight
its parasympathetic division calms; rest and digest
Summation - ANSWER increased force of contraction by a skeletal muscle fiber when a twitch occurs
before the previous twitch relaxes
size principle - ANSWER motor units are recruited from smallest to largest (innervate more muscle fibers)
nerve conduction - ANSWER electrical impulse from motor neuron --> neuro muscular junction --> ACh
released, converts impulse to chemical stimulus --> creates action potential to muscle fiber through T-
tubles by releasing Ca2+ starting contraction
saggital plane (median) - ANSWER left and right, ex. tricep pushdown, leg raise, leg curl
frontal plane - ANSWER Front and Back, ex. soccer dribble side to side, wide grip lateral pulldowm,
breaststroke swimming
transverse plane - ANSWER Upper and Lower, ex. medicine ball side toss, torso machine, baseball
batting, basketball pivot
joint angle - ANSWER relative angle between two segments
Velocity - ANSWER rate of change of distance over time, dividing distance traveled/ amout of time to
cover distance
Force - ANSWER F=m(a+g) g=9.81m/sxs
push or pull exerted on one object by a second one
number of cross bridges formed between actin and myosin filaments determines the amount of force
produced at any moment in time
, force velocity curve - ANSWER The inverse relationship between force and velocity and refers to a
muscle's ability to produce tension at differing contraction velocities
if an athlete is strong (high force) but not fast (low velocity), more time should be spent training at lower
force (higher velocity) to become faster
Force Time Curve - ANSWER The relationship between time (ms) on x axis and force y axis
RFD= change in force divided by change in time; explosiveness
Momentum - ANSWER Amount of motion an object has
VxM; it is a vector quantity with direction
impulse - ANSWER Area under force time curve
Product of the time required to generate force and amount of force
are increases by improving RFD
Work - ANSWER J, applied force times distance displaced, useful for calculating training volume
Work= Force x Displacement
Power - ANSWER Rate that work is performed
W or hp
Power= W/Time
Center of Gravity (COG) - ANSWER The area within an object at which the weight is equally balanced in
all directions. In a person, this is generally around the navel, but can change depending on the
posture/movement of the body.
Point where all the plances of the body intersect
Center of Pressure (COP) - ANSWER center of distribution of total force applied to supporting surface
BOOKS) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
Components of myofibrils - ANSWER myosin- thick filament, with head , rsponsible for splitting ATP
providing energy for the power stroke to grab onto the actin
actin- thin filament, double helix
troponin in actinbinds with Ca2+ from SR, exposes binding site on myosin to form cross bridges
Crircular muscle structure - ANSWER arranged in a concentric ring
Convergent muscle structure - ANSWER broad origin leading to a fan shaped muscle, looks similar to a
brush or duster
Parallell or longitudinal muscle structure - ANSWER long fascicles parallel to the long axis of muscle,
looks similar to 3 long lines
unipennnate muscle structure - ANSWER short fascicles insert obliquely into one side of a tendon, looks
similar to a comb
bipennate muscle structure - ANSWER fascicles insert into opposite sides of a central tendon, looks
similar to a pine tree upside down
multipennate muscle structure - ANSWER tendon branches within a muscle, looks like multiple
bipennate muscles combined
Isokinetic muscle action - ANSWER When a muscle shortens at a constant speed over the full range of
motion; a dynamic movement that doesnt occur naturally such as dynamometers
somatic nervous system - ANSWER the division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body's
skeletal muscles
,autonomic nervous system - ANSWER the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands
and the muscles of the internal organs (such as the heart).
Its sympathetic division arouses; fight or flight
its parasympathetic division calms; rest and digest
Summation - ANSWER increased force of contraction by a skeletal muscle fiber when a twitch occurs
before the previous twitch relaxes
size principle - ANSWER motor units are recruited from smallest to largest (innervate more muscle fibers)
nerve conduction - ANSWER electrical impulse from motor neuron --> neuro muscular junction --> ACh
released, converts impulse to chemical stimulus --> creates action potential to muscle fiber through T-
tubles by releasing Ca2+ starting contraction
saggital plane (median) - ANSWER left and right, ex. tricep pushdown, leg raise, leg curl
frontal plane - ANSWER Front and Back, ex. soccer dribble side to side, wide grip lateral pulldowm,
breaststroke swimming
transverse plane - ANSWER Upper and Lower, ex. medicine ball side toss, torso machine, baseball
batting, basketball pivot
joint angle - ANSWER relative angle between two segments
Velocity - ANSWER rate of change of distance over time, dividing distance traveled/ amout of time to
cover distance
Force - ANSWER F=m(a+g) g=9.81m/sxs
push or pull exerted on one object by a second one
number of cross bridges formed between actin and myosin filaments determines the amount of force
produced at any moment in time
, force velocity curve - ANSWER The inverse relationship between force and velocity and refers to a
muscle's ability to produce tension at differing contraction velocities
if an athlete is strong (high force) but not fast (low velocity), more time should be spent training at lower
force (higher velocity) to become faster
Force Time Curve - ANSWER The relationship between time (ms) on x axis and force y axis
RFD= change in force divided by change in time; explosiveness
Momentum - ANSWER Amount of motion an object has
VxM; it is a vector quantity with direction
impulse - ANSWER Area under force time curve
Product of the time required to generate force and amount of force
are increases by improving RFD
Work - ANSWER J, applied force times distance displaced, useful for calculating training volume
Work= Force x Displacement
Power - ANSWER Rate that work is performed
W or hp
Power= W/Time
Center of Gravity (COG) - ANSWER The area within an object at which the weight is equally balanced in
all directions. In a person, this is generally around the navel, but can change depending on the
posture/movement of the body.
Point where all the plances of the body intersect
Center of Pressure (COP) - ANSWER center of distribution of total force applied to supporting surface
