PATHO MN 551 UNIT 5 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
A 34-year-old male patient has diagnoses of liver failure, ascites, and hepatic encephalopathy secondary
to alcohol abuse. The patient's family is questioning the care team about why his abdomen is so large
even though he is undernourished and emaciated. Which of the following statements most accurately
underlies the explanation that a member of the care team would provide to the family? - ANSWER An
inordinate amount of interstitial fluid is accumulating in the patient's abdomen.
The transcellular component of the intracellular fluid compartment contains far more fluid than normal.
*********** The normally small transcellular fluid compartment, or third space, is becoming enlarged.
Gravity-dependent plasma is accumulating in the patient's peritoneal cavity.
A 31-year-old patient with a diagnosis of end-stage liver failure has been admitted to the intensive care
unit of a hospital. Arterial blood gas sampling indicates that the man has an acid-base imbalance. Which
of the following situations is most likely to result in an inappropriate pH? - ANSWER Renal excretion of
HCO3- in the presence of excess base
Transcompartmental exchange of H+ and potassium ions
Low albumin and plasma globulin levels
Conservation or formation of new HCO3- by the kidneys
A 4-year-old boy who has been deaf since birth and has bilateral cataracts has been brought to the
emergency department by his mother because she noticed blood in the toilet after he last voided.
Urinalysis confirms heavy microscopic hematuria as well as proteinuria. What will the care team's initial
differential diagnosis most likely be? - ANSWER Immunoglobulin A nephropathy
Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis
, Systemic lupus erythematosus glomerulonephritis
Alport syndrome
An 87-year-old male resident of an assisted living facility has been consistently continent of urine until
the last several weeks. Which of the following actions by the care providers at the facility is the most
likely priority? - ANSWER Showing the resident the correct technique for exercises to improve bladder,
sphincter, and pelvic floor tone
Teaching the resident about protective pads, collection devices, and medications that may be effective
Providing patient education focusing on the fact that occasional incontinence is a normal, age-related
change
****8Performing a physical examination and history to determine the exact cause and character of the
incontinence
An 82-year-old resident of a long-term care facility with a recent history of repeated urinary tract
infections and restlessness is suspected of having urinary retention. Which of the following actions by
the care team is most appropriate? - ANSWER Urinalysis focusing on the presence or absence of
microorganisms, blood, or white cells in the man's urine
Renal ultrasound aimed at identifying acute or chronic kidney disease
Ultrasound bladder scanning to determine the residual volume of urine after voiding
Uroflowmetry to determine to rate of the patient's urine flow
Which of the following patients would be considered to have a significant risk of developing the prerenal
form of acute renal failure? - ANSWER An 80-year-old female who has been admitted for treatment of
dehydration, hyponatremia, and malnutrition
ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
A 34-year-old male patient has diagnoses of liver failure, ascites, and hepatic encephalopathy secondary
to alcohol abuse. The patient's family is questioning the care team about why his abdomen is so large
even though he is undernourished and emaciated. Which of the following statements most accurately
underlies the explanation that a member of the care team would provide to the family? - ANSWER An
inordinate amount of interstitial fluid is accumulating in the patient's abdomen.
The transcellular component of the intracellular fluid compartment contains far more fluid than normal.
*********** The normally small transcellular fluid compartment, or third space, is becoming enlarged.
Gravity-dependent plasma is accumulating in the patient's peritoneal cavity.
A 31-year-old patient with a diagnosis of end-stage liver failure has been admitted to the intensive care
unit of a hospital. Arterial blood gas sampling indicates that the man has an acid-base imbalance. Which
of the following situations is most likely to result in an inappropriate pH? - ANSWER Renal excretion of
HCO3- in the presence of excess base
Transcompartmental exchange of H+ and potassium ions
Low albumin and plasma globulin levels
Conservation or formation of new HCO3- by the kidneys
A 4-year-old boy who has been deaf since birth and has bilateral cataracts has been brought to the
emergency department by his mother because she noticed blood in the toilet after he last voided.
Urinalysis confirms heavy microscopic hematuria as well as proteinuria. What will the care team's initial
differential diagnosis most likely be? - ANSWER Immunoglobulin A nephropathy
Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis
, Systemic lupus erythematosus glomerulonephritis
Alport syndrome
An 87-year-old male resident of an assisted living facility has been consistently continent of urine until
the last several weeks. Which of the following actions by the care providers at the facility is the most
likely priority? - ANSWER Showing the resident the correct technique for exercises to improve bladder,
sphincter, and pelvic floor tone
Teaching the resident about protective pads, collection devices, and medications that may be effective
Providing patient education focusing on the fact that occasional incontinence is a normal, age-related
change
****8Performing a physical examination and history to determine the exact cause and character of the
incontinence
An 82-year-old resident of a long-term care facility with a recent history of repeated urinary tract
infections and restlessness is suspected of having urinary retention. Which of the following actions by
the care team is most appropriate? - ANSWER Urinalysis focusing on the presence or absence of
microorganisms, blood, or white cells in the man's urine
Renal ultrasound aimed at identifying acute or chronic kidney disease
Ultrasound bladder scanning to determine the residual volume of urine after voiding
Uroflowmetry to determine to rate of the patient's urine flow
Which of the following patients would be considered to have a significant risk of developing the prerenal
form of acute renal failure? - ANSWER An 80-year-old female who has been admitted for treatment of
dehydration, hyponatremia, and malnutrition
