BIOL 2104 Exam 4
Questions and
Complete Solutions
Graded A+
Denning [Date] [Course title]
, peroxisome - Answer: small organelles enclosed by a single membrane that uses molecular oxygen to
oxidize organic molecules; contains some enzymes that produce hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and others
that degrade it
endosome - Answer: membrane enclosed compartment of a eukaryotic cell through which endocytosed
material passes on its way to lysosomes
endomembrane system - Answer: includes the membranes and organelles they enclose of the original
membrane invagination: nucleus, golgi apparatus, ER, endosomes, lysosomes
protein sorting - Answer: the sorting of proteins from the cytosol to an organelle depending on their
amino acid sorting signal seqeunce
protein translocators - Answer: in the membrane to pass proteins from the cytosol to the ER,
mitochondria, or chloroplasts; protein must unfold in order to go through this
transport vesicles - Answer: form of protein transport across a membrane, from the ER to another
compartment of endomembrane system; vesicles become loaded with a cargo of proteins from the
lumen of one compartment by pinching off from that membrane and discharge the proteins at another
compartment by fusing with the membrane
signal sequence - Answer: amino acid sequence, typically 15-60 amino acids long, that directs a protein
to a specific location in the cell; often removed once the protein is sorted
nuclear pore - Answer: channel through the nuclear envelope that allows selected large molecules to
move between nucleus and cytoplasm
chaperone - Answer: proteins inside organelles that help to pull the protein across the two membranes
and to refold the protein once its inside
rough endoplasmic reticulum - Answer: region of ER associated with ribosomes and involved in the
synthesis of secreted and membrane-bound proteins
Questions and
Complete Solutions
Graded A+
Denning [Date] [Course title]
, peroxisome - Answer: small organelles enclosed by a single membrane that uses molecular oxygen to
oxidize organic molecules; contains some enzymes that produce hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and others
that degrade it
endosome - Answer: membrane enclosed compartment of a eukaryotic cell through which endocytosed
material passes on its way to lysosomes
endomembrane system - Answer: includes the membranes and organelles they enclose of the original
membrane invagination: nucleus, golgi apparatus, ER, endosomes, lysosomes
protein sorting - Answer: the sorting of proteins from the cytosol to an organelle depending on their
amino acid sorting signal seqeunce
protein translocators - Answer: in the membrane to pass proteins from the cytosol to the ER,
mitochondria, or chloroplasts; protein must unfold in order to go through this
transport vesicles - Answer: form of protein transport across a membrane, from the ER to another
compartment of endomembrane system; vesicles become loaded with a cargo of proteins from the
lumen of one compartment by pinching off from that membrane and discharge the proteins at another
compartment by fusing with the membrane
signal sequence - Answer: amino acid sequence, typically 15-60 amino acids long, that directs a protein
to a specific location in the cell; often removed once the protein is sorted
nuclear pore - Answer: channel through the nuclear envelope that allows selected large molecules to
move between nucleus and cytoplasm
chaperone - Answer: proteins inside organelles that help to pull the protein across the two membranes
and to refold the protein once its inside
rough endoplasmic reticulum - Answer: region of ER associated with ribosomes and involved in the
synthesis of secreted and membrane-bound proteins
