Davies Adult Echo UPDATED Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
The American Society of Echocardiography adopted the "leading edge" method of
measurement because:
A. People were turning up the gain too much.
B. The nature of the interaction between ultrasound and anatomical interfaces makes this
advisable.
C. The advent of gray-scale M mode made this possible.
D. It produces the most consistent and reproducible measurements. - CORRECT ANSWER-
D. In 1978 the American Society of Echocardiography recommended that all echo
measurements be taken from the leading edge of each structure so that all laboratories would
be using a consistent method.
-It produces the most consistent and reproducible measurements.
The term basilar area of the ventricle refers to the:
A. Ventricular myocardium at the apex
B. Mid segments of the ventricle
C. Ventricular myocardium at the atrioventricular valves.
D. None of the above. - CORRECT ANSWER- C. The basilar area of the heart is at a level
near the AV valves.
-Ventricular myocardium at the atrioventricular valves.
The infudibulum is related to the area of the right ventricle called the:
A. inflow tract
B. Outflow
C. Apical area
D. Subvalvular area - CORRECT ANSWER- B. The infundibulum is a funnel shaped passage
leading directly out the right ventricle.
-Outflow tract
The three primary branches of the aortic arch include all of the following EXCEPT the:
A. Innominate artery
,B. Right subclavian artery
C. Left common carotid artery
D. Left subclavian artery - CORRECT ANSWER- B. The right subclavian artery arises from
the innominate (brachiocephalic trunk).
-The right subclavian
The term tunica intima refers to which of the following:
A. The inner lining of the arterial wall
B. The outer lining of the arterial wall
C. Transverse arterial muscle fbers
D. Longitudinal muscle fibers
E. The middle layer of the arterial wall. - CORRECT ANSWER- A. The inner lining of the
arterial wall
The term tunica adventitia refers to:
A. The inner lining of the arterial wall.
B. The outer lining of the arterial wall.
C. Transverse arterial muscle fibers.
D. The intimal wall.
E. The middle layer of the arterial wall. - CORRECT ANSWER- B. The three sections of the
arterial wall are the intima, media, and the adventitia
-The outer lining of the arterial wall.
Dextracardia indicates:
A. Enlargement of all cardiac chambers
B. An abnormal conduction system
C. Heart located in the right side of the chest
D. Dual chambers of the right ventricle - CORRECT ANSWER- C. Often people with
dextracardia have all organs reversed.
-Heart located in the right side of the chest
You are asked to pay particular attention to the semilunar valves. These valves are the:
,A. Mitral and aortic valves
B. Mitral and tricuspid valves
C. Pulmonic and tricuspid valves
D. Aortic and pulmonic valves - CORRECT ANSWER- D. Semilunar refers to the crescent
or half-moon shape of the aortic and pulmonic valves.
-Aortic and pulmonic valves
The great vessels of the heart are the:
A. Inferior vena cava and superior vena cava
B. Inferior vena cava and subclavian artery
C.
D. Aorta and pulmonary artery - CORRECT ANSWER- D. The aortic and the pulmonary
arteries are described as the great vessels. The aorta delivers oxygenated blood to the body,
and pulmonary artery delivers unoxygenated blood to the lungs.
-Aorta and pulmonary artery
Name and label each point on the anterior mitral valve leaflet - CORRECT ANSWER- -D, E,
F, A, C Note that the B notch is seen only when there is interruption in the closure of the
mitral valve.
Name and label the three walls transected by the transducer at mid ventricular level: -
CORRECT ANSWER- A Anterior right ventricle wall,
B Interventricular septum,
C left ventricular posterior wall.
Name and label all structures and chambers transected by the M-mode ultrasound beam
directed through the base of the heart: - CORRECT ANSWER- A. Anterior right ventricular
wall
B. Right ventricular outflow tract
C. Anterior aortic wall
D. Aortic valve
E. Posterior aortic wall
F. Left atrium
, G. Posterior left atrial wall
In M-mode, the structure used to pinpoint end systole for measurement is:
A. The R wave of the ECG.
B. Maximum anterior motion of the left ventricular posterior wall.
C. Maximum posterior motion of the interventricular septum
D. The Q wave of the ECG - CORRECT ANSWER- B. The R wave denotes the electrical
stimulation that initiates systole. The Q wave is not always present and is not an indicator of
the end systole. Although the septum is at it maximum posterior motion under normal
conditions, it is susceptible to electrical aberrations and volume and pressure changes and
therefore not consistent for measurements. Only the maximum anterior motion of the left
ventricular posterior wall is consistent for end-systolic measurements.
-Maximum anterior motion of the left ventricular posterior wall
The motion of the septum should be evaluated by M-mode at the:
A. Basal level
B. Mitral level
C. Mid-ventricular level
D. Apical level - CORRECT ANSWER- C. At the basal level the M-mode beam is directly
through the aorta and left atrium. At the mitral level the septum may still show a pattern
consistent with aortic motion. At the apical level the beam would be crossing at an abnormal
angle. The mid ventricular level is most accurate for evaluating sepal motion.
-Midventricular level
The coronary sinus returns blood to the left atrium:
True or False - CORRECT ANSWER- False: The coronary sinus is the terminal portion of
the great cardiac vein, and it returns blood to the right atrium
The osmium of the coronary arteries may sometimes be visualized in a short-axis two
dimensional echo view at the level of he aortic valve:
True or False - CORRECT ANSWER- True: A narrow opening on the left coronary cusp of
the AV valve at approximately 4 o 5 o'clock may define the osmium (opening) of the left
coronary artery.
Questions and CORRECT Answers
The American Society of Echocardiography adopted the "leading edge" method of
measurement because:
A. People were turning up the gain too much.
B. The nature of the interaction between ultrasound and anatomical interfaces makes this
advisable.
C. The advent of gray-scale M mode made this possible.
D. It produces the most consistent and reproducible measurements. - CORRECT ANSWER-
D. In 1978 the American Society of Echocardiography recommended that all echo
measurements be taken from the leading edge of each structure so that all laboratories would
be using a consistent method.
-It produces the most consistent and reproducible measurements.
The term basilar area of the ventricle refers to the:
A. Ventricular myocardium at the apex
B. Mid segments of the ventricle
C. Ventricular myocardium at the atrioventricular valves.
D. None of the above. - CORRECT ANSWER- C. The basilar area of the heart is at a level
near the AV valves.
-Ventricular myocardium at the atrioventricular valves.
The infudibulum is related to the area of the right ventricle called the:
A. inflow tract
B. Outflow
C. Apical area
D. Subvalvular area - CORRECT ANSWER- B. The infundibulum is a funnel shaped passage
leading directly out the right ventricle.
-Outflow tract
The three primary branches of the aortic arch include all of the following EXCEPT the:
A. Innominate artery
,B. Right subclavian artery
C. Left common carotid artery
D. Left subclavian artery - CORRECT ANSWER- B. The right subclavian artery arises from
the innominate (brachiocephalic trunk).
-The right subclavian
The term tunica intima refers to which of the following:
A. The inner lining of the arterial wall
B. The outer lining of the arterial wall
C. Transverse arterial muscle fbers
D. Longitudinal muscle fibers
E. The middle layer of the arterial wall. - CORRECT ANSWER- A. The inner lining of the
arterial wall
The term tunica adventitia refers to:
A. The inner lining of the arterial wall.
B. The outer lining of the arterial wall.
C. Transverse arterial muscle fibers.
D. The intimal wall.
E. The middle layer of the arterial wall. - CORRECT ANSWER- B. The three sections of the
arterial wall are the intima, media, and the adventitia
-The outer lining of the arterial wall.
Dextracardia indicates:
A. Enlargement of all cardiac chambers
B. An abnormal conduction system
C. Heart located in the right side of the chest
D. Dual chambers of the right ventricle - CORRECT ANSWER- C. Often people with
dextracardia have all organs reversed.
-Heart located in the right side of the chest
You are asked to pay particular attention to the semilunar valves. These valves are the:
,A. Mitral and aortic valves
B. Mitral and tricuspid valves
C. Pulmonic and tricuspid valves
D. Aortic and pulmonic valves - CORRECT ANSWER- D. Semilunar refers to the crescent
or half-moon shape of the aortic and pulmonic valves.
-Aortic and pulmonic valves
The great vessels of the heart are the:
A. Inferior vena cava and superior vena cava
B. Inferior vena cava and subclavian artery
C.
D. Aorta and pulmonary artery - CORRECT ANSWER- D. The aortic and the pulmonary
arteries are described as the great vessels. The aorta delivers oxygenated blood to the body,
and pulmonary artery delivers unoxygenated blood to the lungs.
-Aorta and pulmonary artery
Name and label each point on the anterior mitral valve leaflet - CORRECT ANSWER- -D, E,
F, A, C Note that the B notch is seen only when there is interruption in the closure of the
mitral valve.
Name and label the three walls transected by the transducer at mid ventricular level: -
CORRECT ANSWER- A Anterior right ventricle wall,
B Interventricular septum,
C left ventricular posterior wall.
Name and label all structures and chambers transected by the M-mode ultrasound beam
directed through the base of the heart: - CORRECT ANSWER- A. Anterior right ventricular
wall
B. Right ventricular outflow tract
C. Anterior aortic wall
D. Aortic valve
E. Posterior aortic wall
F. Left atrium
, G. Posterior left atrial wall
In M-mode, the structure used to pinpoint end systole for measurement is:
A. The R wave of the ECG.
B. Maximum anterior motion of the left ventricular posterior wall.
C. Maximum posterior motion of the interventricular septum
D. The Q wave of the ECG - CORRECT ANSWER- B. The R wave denotes the electrical
stimulation that initiates systole. The Q wave is not always present and is not an indicator of
the end systole. Although the septum is at it maximum posterior motion under normal
conditions, it is susceptible to electrical aberrations and volume and pressure changes and
therefore not consistent for measurements. Only the maximum anterior motion of the left
ventricular posterior wall is consistent for end-systolic measurements.
-Maximum anterior motion of the left ventricular posterior wall
The motion of the septum should be evaluated by M-mode at the:
A. Basal level
B. Mitral level
C. Mid-ventricular level
D. Apical level - CORRECT ANSWER- C. At the basal level the M-mode beam is directly
through the aorta and left atrium. At the mitral level the septum may still show a pattern
consistent with aortic motion. At the apical level the beam would be crossing at an abnormal
angle. The mid ventricular level is most accurate for evaluating sepal motion.
-Midventricular level
The coronary sinus returns blood to the left atrium:
True or False - CORRECT ANSWER- False: The coronary sinus is the terminal portion of
the great cardiac vein, and it returns blood to the right atrium
The osmium of the coronary arteries may sometimes be visualized in a short-axis two
dimensional echo view at the level of he aortic valve:
True or False - CORRECT ANSWER- True: A narrow opening on the left coronary cusp of
the AV valve at approximately 4 o 5 o'clock may define the osmium (opening) of the left
coronary artery.
