GNRS 576 Pharmacology Test 1 Latest
Update Graded A+
How do beta-blockers affect heart rate and blood pressure?
✔✔Beta-blockers reduce heart rate and lower blood pressure by blocking the effects of
adrenaline on beta-adrenergic receptors in the heart.
Explain the mechanism of action of ACE inhibitors in managing hypertension.
✔✔ACE inhibitors block the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, leading to
vasodilation and reduced blood pressure.
What is the primary use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in gastrointestinal conditions?
✔✔Proton pump inhibitors reduce stomach acid production, providing relief from conditions like
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and peptic ulcers.
Describe the function of statins in lipid management.
1
,✔✔Statins inhibit HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme involved in cholesterol synthesis, leading to
decreased cholesterol levels in the blood.
How do diuretics contribute to the management of heart failure?
✔✔Diuretics help manage heart failure by increasing urine output, which reduces fluid retention
and decreases the workload on the heart.
What is the role of antiplatelet drugs in preventing cardiovascular events?
✔✔Antiplatelet drugs inhibit platelet aggregation, reducing the risk of blood clots and
preventing events such as heart attacks and strokes.
Explain the importance of therapeutic drug monitoring for medications with a narrow therapeutic
index.
✔✔Therapeutic drug monitoring ensures that drug levels remain within a therapeutic range,
minimizing the risk of toxicity or therapeutic failure for drugs with a narrow therapeutic index.
2
, How does insulin therapy help control blood glucose levels in diabetic patients?
✔✔Insulin therapy provides exogenous insulin, which helps lower blood glucose levels by
facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells and promoting glycogen storage.
Describe the potential side effects associated with the use of opioid analgesics.
✔✔Common side effects of opioid analgesics include constipation, nausea, drowsiness, and the
potential for developing tolerance or dependence.
What is the role of antiepileptic drugs in the management of seizures?
✔✔Antiepileptic drugs stabilize neuronal membranes and reduce the frequency and severity of
seizures by modulating neurotransmitter activity and ion channels.
chemical name of drug ✔✔scientific name based on the compound's chemical structure
3
Update Graded A+
How do beta-blockers affect heart rate and blood pressure?
✔✔Beta-blockers reduce heart rate and lower blood pressure by blocking the effects of
adrenaline on beta-adrenergic receptors in the heart.
Explain the mechanism of action of ACE inhibitors in managing hypertension.
✔✔ACE inhibitors block the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, leading to
vasodilation and reduced blood pressure.
What is the primary use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in gastrointestinal conditions?
✔✔Proton pump inhibitors reduce stomach acid production, providing relief from conditions like
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and peptic ulcers.
Describe the function of statins in lipid management.
1
,✔✔Statins inhibit HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme involved in cholesterol synthesis, leading to
decreased cholesterol levels in the blood.
How do diuretics contribute to the management of heart failure?
✔✔Diuretics help manage heart failure by increasing urine output, which reduces fluid retention
and decreases the workload on the heart.
What is the role of antiplatelet drugs in preventing cardiovascular events?
✔✔Antiplatelet drugs inhibit platelet aggregation, reducing the risk of blood clots and
preventing events such as heart attacks and strokes.
Explain the importance of therapeutic drug monitoring for medications with a narrow therapeutic
index.
✔✔Therapeutic drug monitoring ensures that drug levels remain within a therapeutic range,
minimizing the risk of toxicity or therapeutic failure for drugs with a narrow therapeutic index.
2
, How does insulin therapy help control blood glucose levels in diabetic patients?
✔✔Insulin therapy provides exogenous insulin, which helps lower blood glucose levels by
facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells and promoting glycogen storage.
Describe the potential side effects associated with the use of opioid analgesics.
✔✔Common side effects of opioid analgesics include constipation, nausea, drowsiness, and the
potential for developing tolerance or dependence.
What is the role of antiepileptic drugs in the management of seizures?
✔✔Antiepileptic drugs stabilize neuronal membranes and reduce the frequency and severity of
seizures by modulating neurotransmitter activity and ion channels.
chemical name of drug ✔✔scientific name based on the compound's chemical structure
3
