BIO 201 Final Exam | Questions and Answers Latest {2024- 2025} A+ Graded | 100%
Verified
Where is the spinal cord located? - Extending from the cerebellum to the lower thoracic region of the
vertebra
Describes the pathways from the brain to the spinal cord - Motor tracts
What are third order neurons? - A part of the ascending pathway where cell bodies reside in the
thalamus
What is the function of the vestibulospinal descending pathway? - To transmit motor impulses from the
cerebrum to maintain muscle tone
Ascending pathway to the brain - Lateral spinothalamic
What is spastic paralysis? - Loss of voluntary muscle control even though spinal motor neurons are intact
Loss of motor function - Paralysis
How are spinal nerves attached to the spinal cord? - They are attached to the white matter through a
pair of roots
Describes a descending pathway - It contains both upper and lower motor neurons
What is cerebral palsy? - A lack of oxygen during delivery resulting in neuron damage and lack of motor
control
Describe the ventral roots - They contain somatic motor neurons sending impulses to the skeletal
muscles
, What is the epidural space? - An area between the Dura Mater and vertebra
A spinal tap performed to remove spinal fluid for diagnostic purposes would be collected from what
area? - In the lumbar region of the vertebra
Describe spina bifida - Incomplete formation of lumbar vertebra resulting in spinal cord cyst
If the dorsal root of a spinal nerve is damaged, what function of the spinal nerve is affected? - Sensory
perception from the area that spinal nerve serves
What is the main reason that neural regeneration is not possible in the CNS as possible in the PNS? -
Oligodendrocytes in the CNS do not encourage axonal growth
Describe the classification and stimulus type that would respond when a person touches a hot iron -
Exteroceptor classification and thermoreceptor stimulus type
Which type of spinal reflex is initiated by cutaneous sensation? - Superficial
What structure is served by the phrenic nerve? - Diaphragm
What classification of sensory receptors picks up vibration stimulus and sends it to the CNS? -
Mechanoreceptors
The large sciatic nerve branches off into what two nerves? - Tibial and common fibular
What structure initiates stretch reflexes? - Muscle spindles
What receptor type would be used when a person feels the smoothness of glass? - Meissener's
corpuscle
Describe a reflex - Involuntary and rapid
Verified
Where is the spinal cord located? - Extending from the cerebellum to the lower thoracic region of the
vertebra
Describes the pathways from the brain to the spinal cord - Motor tracts
What are third order neurons? - A part of the ascending pathway where cell bodies reside in the
thalamus
What is the function of the vestibulospinal descending pathway? - To transmit motor impulses from the
cerebrum to maintain muscle tone
Ascending pathway to the brain - Lateral spinothalamic
What is spastic paralysis? - Loss of voluntary muscle control even though spinal motor neurons are intact
Loss of motor function - Paralysis
How are spinal nerves attached to the spinal cord? - They are attached to the white matter through a
pair of roots
Describes a descending pathway - It contains both upper and lower motor neurons
What is cerebral palsy? - A lack of oxygen during delivery resulting in neuron damage and lack of motor
control
Describe the ventral roots - They contain somatic motor neurons sending impulses to the skeletal
muscles
, What is the epidural space? - An area between the Dura Mater and vertebra
A spinal tap performed to remove spinal fluid for diagnostic purposes would be collected from what
area? - In the lumbar region of the vertebra
Describe spina bifida - Incomplete formation of lumbar vertebra resulting in spinal cord cyst
If the dorsal root of a spinal nerve is damaged, what function of the spinal nerve is affected? - Sensory
perception from the area that spinal nerve serves
What is the main reason that neural regeneration is not possible in the CNS as possible in the PNS? -
Oligodendrocytes in the CNS do not encourage axonal growth
Describe the classification and stimulus type that would respond when a person touches a hot iron -
Exteroceptor classification and thermoreceptor stimulus type
Which type of spinal reflex is initiated by cutaneous sensation? - Superficial
What structure is served by the phrenic nerve? - Diaphragm
What classification of sensory receptors picks up vibration stimulus and sends it to the CNS? -
Mechanoreceptors
The large sciatic nerve branches off into what two nerves? - Tibial and common fibular
What structure initiates stretch reflexes? - Muscle spindles
What receptor type would be used when a person feels the smoothness of glass? - Meissener's
corpuscle
Describe a reflex - Involuntary and rapid
