BIO 201 Exam | Questions and Answers Latest {2024- 2025} A+ Graded | 100% Verified
Population - Group of individuals of the same species that live within a particular area and interact with
one another
Factors influencing distribution: - Habitat suitability
Historical factors (where they originated)
Dispersal
Regular Distribution/Dispersion - individuals evenly spaced throughout the habitat
NND > random distribution NND
Random Distribution/Dispersion - individuals NOT evenly spaced throughout the habitat
Clumped Distribution/ Dispersion - individuals positioned in groups
NND < random distribution NND
NND - Nearest neighbor distance: how close the nearest neighbor is
measurement for disribution
Density - N (# of individuals)
-----------------------
m^2 (area)
Used to compare populations
,Causes of Clumped Distribution - 1) Heterogeneity in individuals
2) Smaller area
3) Means for reproduction / protection from predators
Geometric Population Growth - Assumes non-overlapping generations
Births/reproduction at a particular time --> discrete
Fixed intervals of change
ex: bacteria splitting
Geometric Population Growth Formula - Nt = No λ^t
Nt= # individuals at time (t)
No = initial # of individuals
λ= rate of increase
t= number of time intervals
Change in Time: Geometric Population Growth Formula - dNe =RNe
Replacement Rate - R = bNe (# of births) - dNe (# of deaths)
R< 0 more deaths
R> 0 more births
R= 0 same rate
, Geometric Growth Model Graph - discrete points
POPULATION GROWTH MODEL - Nt+1 = Nt + Bt -Dt + It - Et
Nt+1 = population size
Nt = previous time interval
Bt= births
Dt= deaths
It= immigration
Et= emmigration
Exponential Growth Model - overlapping generation
continuous models
ex: humans
Change in Exponential Growth Model Equation - dN/dt = rN
r = intrinsic rate
r= birth rate - death
rate
N= population size
Exponential Growth Model Equation - N=e^rt No
N0= initial pop. size
r= intrinsic rate
Population - Group of individuals of the same species that live within a particular area and interact with
one another
Factors influencing distribution: - Habitat suitability
Historical factors (where they originated)
Dispersal
Regular Distribution/Dispersion - individuals evenly spaced throughout the habitat
NND > random distribution NND
Random Distribution/Dispersion - individuals NOT evenly spaced throughout the habitat
Clumped Distribution/ Dispersion - individuals positioned in groups
NND < random distribution NND
NND - Nearest neighbor distance: how close the nearest neighbor is
measurement for disribution
Density - N (# of individuals)
-----------------------
m^2 (area)
Used to compare populations
,Causes of Clumped Distribution - 1) Heterogeneity in individuals
2) Smaller area
3) Means for reproduction / protection from predators
Geometric Population Growth - Assumes non-overlapping generations
Births/reproduction at a particular time --> discrete
Fixed intervals of change
ex: bacteria splitting
Geometric Population Growth Formula - Nt = No λ^t
Nt= # individuals at time (t)
No = initial # of individuals
λ= rate of increase
t= number of time intervals
Change in Time: Geometric Population Growth Formula - dNe =RNe
Replacement Rate - R = bNe (# of births) - dNe (# of deaths)
R< 0 more deaths
R> 0 more births
R= 0 same rate
, Geometric Growth Model Graph - discrete points
POPULATION GROWTH MODEL - Nt+1 = Nt + Bt -Dt + It - Et
Nt+1 = population size
Nt = previous time interval
Bt= births
Dt= deaths
It= immigration
Et= emmigration
Exponential Growth Model - overlapping generation
continuous models
ex: humans
Change in Exponential Growth Model Equation - dN/dt = rN
r = intrinsic rate
r= birth rate - death
rate
N= population size
Exponential Growth Model Equation - N=e^rt No
N0= initial pop. size
r= intrinsic rate
