Final Exam NURS 3366 Questions With Complete Solutions
___________ is the word for when pupils dilate in response to
low light, a sympathetic response.
___________ is the word for when pupils constrict in response
to brightness, a parasympathetic response. Correct Answers
mydriasis, miosis
A 18 year old male is scheduled to have his undescended testes
removed. He asks why this procedure is necessary. Explain.
Correct Answers -cryptorchidism increases the risk for
testicular cancer
- removal is one of the best ways to prevent this
A 50 year old obese patient comes into the ER due to their
severe polyuria and extreme thirst. Their fasting blood sugar is
taken and it is 700. Their Hgb A1C is 10%. What might be the
problem, and why? Correct Answers Type II DM
- pancreas is tired, not enough insulin is out, but some is getting
into cells
- patient is obese because some glucose is getting into cells
- polyuria due to hyperglycemia and then glucosuria
- extreme state: hyperglycemic, hyperosmolar, nonketotic state -
becomes unconscious due to lack of glucose in brain
A 70 year old woman comes into the ER with a fractured femur.
After completing a bone scan, it is confirmed that she has
osteoporosis. What are some of the causes for her osteoporosis?
Correct Answers - CKD, long term hypocalcemia problems
- problem with nephron
- oversecretion of PTH
,- undersecretion of calcitonin
- age-related, too much osteoclastic activity
- menopause, less estrogen means more osteoclast activity
A child gets their antibodies from their mother during breast
feeding. What kind of immunity is this? Correct Answers
natural passive immunity
A comatose patient comes into the ER. Their medical record
states that they have hypothyroidism. Explain why they are
likely in a coma. Correct Answers myxedema crisis
-hypotension, hypoventilation, extremely low metabolism
- face is very bloated due to fat buildup behind the eyes
Lab: low T4, high TSH
A common, low V/Q disorder is pneumonia. Why would it be
considered that? Correct Answers - restrictive disorder
- debris collects in lungs (from microbe) and blocks off alveoli
- these collapse (called atelectasis)
- some become stiff (consolidation)
- essentially, no air can come in
A diabetic patient comes in feeling tired. They're sweating and
shaky. What may be the problem? Correct Answers
hypoglycemia
- due to counterregulatory hormones (low glucose, cortisol and
others are released)
- give them orange juice or sugar
A forty year old female patient comes in complaining of upper
right abdominal pain that radiates into her right shoulder. What
, may be her diagnosis and what could potential complications
be? Correct Answers cholelithiasis
- gallstones
- fair, fat, female, fertile, forty
- could cause posthepatic jaundice
A high V/Q disorder is a pulmonary embolus, explain why?
Correct Answers - blockage of blood getting O2 from the lungs
- related to a DVT or Virchow's triad
A parent brings in their child for polyuria and unusual excess
hunger/thirst. They schedule a fasting blood test for 2 separate
dates, here are the results
Blood glucose: 300, 350
Hgb A1C: 8%, 9%
What about their disorder can be assumed? Correct Answers
Type 1 DM
- polyuria and polydipsia (thirst) due to high levels of glucose
- autoimmune destruction of pancreatic cells, NO INSULIN
- the child will have very dry mucous membranes and
- Diabetic Ketoacidosis: metabolic acidosis state due to
overproduction of ketones, acetone breath, Kussmaul
respirations
- need insulin
A patient comes in after vomiting all night. They are in a fluid
volume deficit. What are their signs and symptoms that prove
this? Correct Answers water flows from T --> B
- poor skin turgor
- dry mucous membranes
- low urine output
___________ is the word for when pupils dilate in response to
low light, a sympathetic response.
___________ is the word for when pupils constrict in response
to brightness, a parasympathetic response. Correct Answers
mydriasis, miosis
A 18 year old male is scheduled to have his undescended testes
removed. He asks why this procedure is necessary. Explain.
Correct Answers -cryptorchidism increases the risk for
testicular cancer
- removal is one of the best ways to prevent this
A 50 year old obese patient comes into the ER due to their
severe polyuria and extreme thirst. Their fasting blood sugar is
taken and it is 700. Their Hgb A1C is 10%. What might be the
problem, and why? Correct Answers Type II DM
- pancreas is tired, not enough insulin is out, but some is getting
into cells
- patient is obese because some glucose is getting into cells
- polyuria due to hyperglycemia and then glucosuria
- extreme state: hyperglycemic, hyperosmolar, nonketotic state -
becomes unconscious due to lack of glucose in brain
A 70 year old woman comes into the ER with a fractured femur.
After completing a bone scan, it is confirmed that she has
osteoporosis. What are some of the causes for her osteoporosis?
Correct Answers - CKD, long term hypocalcemia problems
- problem with nephron
- oversecretion of PTH
,- undersecretion of calcitonin
- age-related, too much osteoclastic activity
- menopause, less estrogen means more osteoclast activity
A child gets their antibodies from their mother during breast
feeding. What kind of immunity is this? Correct Answers
natural passive immunity
A comatose patient comes into the ER. Their medical record
states that they have hypothyroidism. Explain why they are
likely in a coma. Correct Answers myxedema crisis
-hypotension, hypoventilation, extremely low metabolism
- face is very bloated due to fat buildup behind the eyes
Lab: low T4, high TSH
A common, low V/Q disorder is pneumonia. Why would it be
considered that? Correct Answers - restrictive disorder
- debris collects in lungs (from microbe) and blocks off alveoli
- these collapse (called atelectasis)
- some become stiff (consolidation)
- essentially, no air can come in
A diabetic patient comes in feeling tired. They're sweating and
shaky. What may be the problem? Correct Answers
hypoglycemia
- due to counterregulatory hormones (low glucose, cortisol and
others are released)
- give them orange juice or sugar
A forty year old female patient comes in complaining of upper
right abdominal pain that radiates into her right shoulder. What
, may be her diagnosis and what could potential complications
be? Correct Answers cholelithiasis
- gallstones
- fair, fat, female, fertile, forty
- could cause posthepatic jaundice
A high V/Q disorder is a pulmonary embolus, explain why?
Correct Answers - blockage of blood getting O2 from the lungs
- related to a DVT or Virchow's triad
A parent brings in their child for polyuria and unusual excess
hunger/thirst. They schedule a fasting blood test for 2 separate
dates, here are the results
Blood glucose: 300, 350
Hgb A1C: 8%, 9%
What about their disorder can be assumed? Correct Answers
Type 1 DM
- polyuria and polydipsia (thirst) due to high levels of glucose
- autoimmune destruction of pancreatic cells, NO INSULIN
- the child will have very dry mucous membranes and
- Diabetic Ketoacidosis: metabolic acidosis state due to
overproduction of ketones, acetone breath, Kussmaul
respirations
- need insulin
A patient comes in after vomiting all night. They are in a fluid
volume deficit. What are their signs and symptoms that prove
this? Correct Answers water flows from T --> B
- poor skin turgor
- dry mucous membranes
- low urine output
