PPR 160 Exam | Questions And Answers Latest {2024- 2025} A+ Graded | 100% Verified
sensoriomotor stage - 0-2 reality based schemes. Reflex actions-goal directed activities. Object
permanence emerges.
Schemes (Piaget) - Mental patterns that guide behavior. Cognitive structures that help individual process
and organize info to make sense of their environment.
preoperational stage - 2-7 years. Language development. Symbolic play. Egocentrism. Play demonstrates
increasing imaginative capacity. Inability to understand another's point of view.
Assimilation - Understanding of new experiences in terms of existing schemes.
concrete operational stage - 7-11. Elementary grade years. Solves concrete-hands on problems in logical
fashion. Understands law of conservation.
Seriation - (Piaget) ability to sort objects or situations by size, color, shape or type.
conservation - the principle that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite
changes in the forms of objects
formal operational stage - 11-adulthood. Engage in logical, abstract and hypothetical thought. Develop
hypothesis. Concerns about social issues & identity.
disequilibration - Imbalance between what a child understands and what the child encounters through
new experiences.
Equilibration (Piaget) - The process of restoring balance between present understanding and new
experiences.(how children shift from one stage of thought to another)
, Autonomous Morality (Piaget) - 10+ years morality is not a matter of obeying external authorities, but
rather, moral rules grow out of human relationships and we must respect people's differing opinions.
Erik Erikson's stages of psychosocial development - 8 stages from infancy to old age. Healthy personality
results from successfully completing each stage.
trust vs mistrust stage - Erickson 0-1 yr. period during which infants develop a sense of trust or mistrust,
largely depending on how well their needs are met by their caregivers. Optimism and hope.
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt - Erikson's stage 1-3yrs in which a toddler learns to exercise will and to
do things independently; failure to do so causes shame and doubt
Initiative vs. Guilt (Erikson) - Erikson's third psychosocial crisis, in which children undertake new skills
and activities and feel guilty when they do not succeed at them 3-6 years.
Industry vs. Inferiority - Erikson's stage between 6 and 11 years, when the child learns to be productive
identity vs. role confusion - Erikson's stage during which teenagers and young adults search for and
become their true selves. 12-20 years.
identity confusion - Erikson's term for uncertainty about who one is and where one is going
Intimacy vs. Isolation - Erikson's stage in which individuals form deeply personal relationships, marry,
begin families. 21-39. 1st stage of adult development.
Generativity vs. Stagnation - Erikson's stage of social development in which middle-aged people begin to
devote themselves more to fulfilling one's potential and doing public service. 2nd stage of adult
development.
Ego Integrity vs. Despair - (Erikson) People in late adulthood either achieve a sense of integrity of the self
by accepting the lives they have lived or yield to despair that their lives cannot be relived 65+
sensoriomotor stage - 0-2 reality based schemes. Reflex actions-goal directed activities. Object
permanence emerges.
Schemes (Piaget) - Mental patterns that guide behavior. Cognitive structures that help individual process
and organize info to make sense of their environment.
preoperational stage - 2-7 years. Language development. Symbolic play. Egocentrism. Play demonstrates
increasing imaginative capacity. Inability to understand another's point of view.
Assimilation - Understanding of new experiences in terms of existing schemes.
concrete operational stage - 7-11. Elementary grade years. Solves concrete-hands on problems in logical
fashion. Understands law of conservation.
Seriation - (Piaget) ability to sort objects or situations by size, color, shape or type.
conservation - the principle that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite
changes in the forms of objects
formal operational stage - 11-adulthood. Engage in logical, abstract and hypothetical thought. Develop
hypothesis. Concerns about social issues & identity.
disequilibration - Imbalance between what a child understands and what the child encounters through
new experiences.
Equilibration (Piaget) - The process of restoring balance between present understanding and new
experiences.(how children shift from one stage of thought to another)
, Autonomous Morality (Piaget) - 10+ years morality is not a matter of obeying external authorities, but
rather, moral rules grow out of human relationships and we must respect people's differing opinions.
Erik Erikson's stages of psychosocial development - 8 stages from infancy to old age. Healthy personality
results from successfully completing each stage.
trust vs mistrust stage - Erickson 0-1 yr. period during which infants develop a sense of trust or mistrust,
largely depending on how well their needs are met by their caregivers. Optimism and hope.
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt - Erikson's stage 1-3yrs in which a toddler learns to exercise will and to
do things independently; failure to do so causes shame and doubt
Initiative vs. Guilt (Erikson) - Erikson's third psychosocial crisis, in which children undertake new skills
and activities and feel guilty when they do not succeed at them 3-6 years.
Industry vs. Inferiority - Erikson's stage between 6 and 11 years, when the child learns to be productive
identity vs. role confusion - Erikson's stage during which teenagers and young adults search for and
become their true selves. 12-20 years.
identity confusion - Erikson's term for uncertainty about who one is and where one is going
Intimacy vs. Isolation - Erikson's stage in which individuals form deeply personal relationships, marry,
begin families. 21-39. 1st stage of adult development.
Generativity vs. Stagnation - Erikson's stage of social development in which middle-aged people begin to
devote themselves more to fulfilling one's potential and doing public service. 2nd stage of adult
development.
Ego Integrity vs. Despair - (Erikson) People in late adulthood either achieve a sense of integrity of the self
by accepting the lives they have lived or yield to despair that their lives cannot be relived 65+
