Unit 1 MN 551 Patho,
Unit2 MN551 patho,
Unit3Patho, Unit 4 Patho,
Unit 5 Patho MN551,
Unit 6 Patho,
Unit 7 MN 551 Patho,
UNIT 8 MN 551 patho,
Unit 9 Patho 551,
MN 553 unit 1
Page 1 of 45
,As part of the intake protocol at an eating disorders clinic, an interview precedes a physical examination.
Which of the following questions would a clinician be justified in excluding from an intake interview for a
16-year-old female referred by her pediatrician for the treatment of anorexia nervosa? –
✔️
✔️"Have you had any episodes of shortness of breath in the recent past?"
A 43-year-old male patient has presented to the emergency department with vomiting that he claims is
of sudden onset. The patient also states that the emesis has often contained frank blood in the hours
prior to admission. Which of the following potential contributing factors would the care team first
suspect? –
✔️
✔️Alcohol consumption
Cheryl has celiac disease. Which diet should you place her on? –
✔️
✔️Gluten free diet
The mother of a 19-week-old infant has brought her baby to a nurse practitioner for assessment
because of the baby's persistent weight loss and diarrhea. An intestinal biopsy has confirmed a diagnosis
of celiac disease, and the child's mother is anxious to know what caused the disease. Which of the
following aspects of the etiology of celiac disease would underlie the explanation that the nurse
practitioner provides? –
✔️ ✔️An inappropriate T-cell mediated response results in increased levels of antibodies and an
inflammatory response.
For several years, a 39-year-old female has been averaging two to three bottles of wine each night after
her children go to sleep, and has included several ounces of brandy in recent years as well. Despite
negative consequences to her career and the dissolution of her marriage, her drinking continued and
now has culminated in a diagnosis of cirrhosis. Which of the following physical manifestations of the
health problem would her care team anticipate? –
✔️
✔️Ascites
A 29-year-old female has been admitted to the emergency department following a suicide attempt by
overdose of acetaminophen. What changes in the patient's liver and diagnostic results would the care
team most likely anticipate? –
✔️
✔️Centrilobular necrosis evidenced by increased ALT and AST levels
Which of the following patients is most clearly displaying the signs and symptoms of IBD? –
✔️✔️ A 51-year-old male who states that his stomach pain is in his lower abdomen, "comes and goes,"
and "feels more like a cramp than a dull ache."
A 79-year-old male resident of a long-term care facility has contracted Clostridium difficile and is
experiencing consequent diarrhea. Auscultation of the man's abdomen indicates hyperactive bowel
sounds. What processes in the man's small intestine are most likely accompanying his current status? –
✔️
✔️Inflammation is accompanied by an increase in peristaltic movements of his small intestine.
Page 2 of 45
,David has an acute exacerbation of Crohn's disease. Which of the following lab tests would you expect
to be decreased? –
✔️
✔️Vitamins A, B complex and C levels
A male patient complaining of chronic cramping, bloating, and diarrhea has been determined to have a
deficiency in brush border enzymes within his small intestine. Which of the following meals or snacks is
most likely to exacerbate the patient's signs and symptoms? –
✔️
✔️Roast beef and a baked potato
A 20-year-old male who is addicted to crystal methamphetamine has been admitted to the hospital with
a diagnosis of protein-calorie malnutrition after many months of inadequate food intake. Which of the
following treatment plans would the care team most likely favor? –
✔️
✔️Incremental feeding combined with vitamin and mineral supplementation
A 48-year-old woman has been diagnosed with extrahepatic cholestasis following a thorough history,
ultrasound, and blood work. Which of the following symptoms most likely caused her to seek medical
treatment, and what consequences of her health problem would the medical team anticipate? –
✔️
✔️Pruritus with consequences of deficient levels of fat-soluble vitamins
A 24-year-old woman undergoing a premarital screening test is found to have elevated levels of AST,
ALT, and IgG, but no antibody-specific markers for viral hepatitis. A liver biopsy reveals inflammation and
cellular damage. Which of the following treatments is most likely to be effective for her? –
✔️
✔️Corticosteroids and immunosuppressant drugs
A 71-year-old male has been recently diagnosed with a stage III tumor of colorectal cancer and is
attempting to increase his knowledge about his diagnosis. Which of the following statements about
colorectal cancer demonstrates a sound understanding of the disease? –
✔️ ✔️ "While diet is thought to play a role in the development of colorectal cancer, the ultimate causes
are largely unknown."
A female neonate has been in respiratory distress since delivery and is unresponsive to oxygen therapy.
Endoscopy has confirmed a diagnosis of esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula (EA/TEF).
Which of the following explanations should the care team provide to the infant's parents? –
✔️✔️ "We will have to perform surgery to correct the hole in her throat to make sure that she is able to
swallow and breathe normally."
As a result of oral ingestion of the microorganisms, an individual has contracted H. pylori. Which of the
following health problems is the individual now at increased risk for? –
✔️
✔️Gastric adenocarcinoma
A 40-year-old female has been categorized as being obese, with a BMI of 33.2. Which of the following
health problems is the patient at a significantly increased risk for compared with individuals with a BMI
below 25? –
Page 3 of 45
, ✔️
✔️Osteoarthritis
A gastroenterologist is teaching a group of nurse practitioner students about the enteric nervous system
in preparation for a consultation on a patient who has suffered a spinal cord injury. Which of the
physician's teaching points is most accurate? –
✔️ ✔️ "The enteric nervous system is made up of the myenteric and submucosal plexuses; these are
located in the wall of the GI tract."
A 43-year-old male who is 5 feet 10 inches tall and weighs 216 pounds has been informed by his nurse
practitioner that his body mass index (BMI) is 31. Which of the following clinical conclusions based on
these data would his nurse be most justified in rejecting? -
✔️
✔️The patient is borderline obese but is not yet at the point of significantly increased risks to health.
A nurse practitioner is providing care for a male patient with a long-standing hiatal hernia. Which of the
following statements most accurately captures an aspect of the pathophysiology of hiatal hernias? –
✔️
✔️If esophageal acid clearance is impaired, esophagitis can result.
Which of the following patients on a hospital medical unit is most clearly demonstrating the signs and
symptoms of liver failure? –
✔️
✔️A 44-year-old man with low hemoglobin levels, low platelet levels, and spider angiomas
A 42-year-old female patient with a long-standing history of chronic nausea and vomiting but a near-
insatiable appetite has had her symptoms attributed to an enzyme deficiency. Further diagnostic testing
indicates that she has inadequate pancreatic enzyme levels and that her large appetite is due to a lack of
enzyme control of food intake inhibition. In which of the following enzymes is the woman most likely
deficient? –
✔️
✔️Cholecystokinin
Which of the following measures would likely be rejected as part of a first-line weight loss plan for a
patient with a BMI of 30.2, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension? –
✔️
✔️Gastric bypass
While on tour, a 32-year-old male musician has presented to the emergency department of a hospital
after a concert complaining of severe and sudden abdominal pain. He admits to a history of copious
alcohol use in recent years, and his vital signs include a temperature of 38.8°C (101.8°F), blood pressure
of 89/48 mm Hg, and heart rate of 116 beats per minute. Blood work indicates that his serum levels of
C-reactive protein, amylase, and lipase are all elevated. Which of the following diagnoses would the care
team first suspect? –
✔️
✔️Acute pancreatitis
A 55-year-old man has been diagnosed with a hiatal hernia, in which the function of the lower
esophageal sphincter is compromised. Which of the following consequences of this condition is most
likely? –
Page 4 of 45
Unit2 MN551 patho,
Unit3Patho, Unit 4 Patho,
Unit 5 Patho MN551,
Unit 6 Patho,
Unit 7 MN 551 Patho,
UNIT 8 MN 551 patho,
Unit 9 Patho 551,
MN 553 unit 1
Page 1 of 45
,As part of the intake protocol at an eating disorders clinic, an interview precedes a physical examination.
Which of the following questions would a clinician be justified in excluding from an intake interview for a
16-year-old female referred by her pediatrician for the treatment of anorexia nervosa? –
✔️
✔️"Have you had any episodes of shortness of breath in the recent past?"
A 43-year-old male patient has presented to the emergency department with vomiting that he claims is
of sudden onset. The patient also states that the emesis has often contained frank blood in the hours
prior to admission. Which of the following potential contributing factors would the care team first
suspect? –
✔️
✔️Alcohol consumption
Cheryl has celiac disease. Which diet should you place her on? –
✔️
✔️Gluten free diet
The mother of a 19-week-old infant has brought her baby to a nurse practitioner for assessment
because of the baby's persistent weight loss and diarrhea. An intestinal biopsy has confirmed a diagnosis
of celiac disease, and the child's mother is anxious to know what caused the disease. Which of the
following aspects of the etiology of celiac disease would underlie the explanation that the nurse
practitioner provides? –
✔️ ✔️An inappropriate T-cell mediated response results in increased levels of antibodies and an
inflammatory response.
For several years, a 39-year-old female has been averaging two to three bottles of wine each night after
her children go to sleep, and has included several ounces of brandy in recent years as well. Despite
negative consequences to her career and the dissolution of her marriage, her drinking continued and
now has culminated in a diagnosis of cirrhosis. Which of the following physical manifestations of the
health problem would her care team anticipate? –
✔️
✔️Ascites
A 29-year-old female has been admitted to the emergency department following a suicide attempt by
overdose of acetaminophen. What changes in the patient's liver and diagnostic results would the care
team most likely anticipate? –
✔️
✔️Centrilobular necrosis evidenced by increased ALT and AST levels
Which of the following patients is most clearly displaying the signs and symptoms of IBD? –
✔️✔️ A 51-year-old male who states that his stomach pain is in his lower abdomen, "comes and goes,"
and "feels more like a cramp than a dull ache."
A 79-year-old male resident of a long-term care facility has contracted Clostridium difficile and is
experiencing consequent diarrhea. Auscultation of the man's abdomen indicates hyperactive bowel
sounds. What processes in the man's small intestine are most likely accompanying his current status? –
✔️
✔️Inflammation is accompanied by an increase in peristaltic movements of his small intestine.
Page 2 of 45
,David has an acute exacerbation of Crohn's disease. Which of the following lab tests would you expect
to be decreased? –
✔️
✔️Vitamins A, B complex and C levels
A male patient complaining of chronic cramping, bloating, and diarrhea has been determined to have a
deficiency in brush border enzymes within his small intestine. Which of the following meals or snacks is
most likely to exacerbate the patient's signs and symptoms? –
✔️
✔️Roast beef and a baked potato
A 20-year-old male who is addicted to crystal methamphetamine has been admitted to the hospital with
a diagnosis of protein-calorie malnutrition after many months of inadequate food intake. Which of the
following treatment plans would the care team most likely favor? –
✔️
✔️Incremental feeding combined with vitamin and mineral supplementation
A 48-year-old woman has been diagnosed with extrahepatic cholestasis following a thorough history,
ultrasound, and blood work. Which of the following symptoms most likely caused her to seek medical
treatment, and what consequences of her health problem would the medical team anticipate? –
✔️
✔️Pruritus with consequences of deficient levels of fat-soluble vitamins
A 24-year-old woman undergoing a premarital screening test is found to have elevated levels of AST,
ALT, and IgG, but no antibody-specific markers for viral hepatitis. A liver biopsy reveals inflammation and
cellular damage. Which of the following treatments is most likely to be effective for her? –
✔️
✔️Corticosteroids and immunosuppressant drugs
A 71-year-old male has been recently diagnosed with a stage III tumor of colorectal cancer and is
attempting to increase his knowledge about his diagnosis. Which of the following statements about
colorectal cancer demonstrates a sound understanding of the disease? –
✔️ ✔️ "While diet is thought to play a role in the development of colorectal cancer, the ultimate causes
are largely unknown."
A female neonate has been in respiratory distress since delivery and is unresponsive to oxygen therapy.
Endoscopy has confirmed a diagnosis of esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula (EA/TEF).
Which of the following explanations should the care team provide to the infant's parents? –
✔️✔️ "We will have to perform surgery to correct the hole in her throat to make sure that she is able to
swallow and breathe normally."
As a result of oral ingestion of the microorganisms, an individual has contracted H. pylori. Which of the
following health problems is the individual now at increased risk for? –
✔️
✔️Gastric adenocarcinoma
A 40-year-old female has been categorized as being obese, with a BMI of 33.2. Which of the following
health problems is the patient at a significantly increased risk for compared with individuals with a BMI
below 25? –
Page 3 of 45
, ✔️
✔️Osteoarthritis
A gastroenterologist is teaching a group of nurse practitioner students about the enteric nervous system
in preparation for a consultation on a patient who has suffered a spinal cord injury. Which of the
physician's teaching points is most accurate? –
✔️ ✔️ "The enteric nervous system is made up of the myenteric and submucosal plexuses; these are
located in the wall of the GI tract."
A 43-year-old male who is 5 feet 10 inches tall and weighs 216 pounds has been informed by his nurse
practitioner that his body mass index (BMI) is 31. Which of the following clinical conclusions based on
these data would his nurse be most justified in rejecting? -
✔️
✔️The patient is borderline obese but is not yet at the point of significantly increased risks to health.
A nurse practitioner is providing care for a male patient with a long-standing hiatal hernia. Which of the
following statements most accurately captures an aspect of the pathophysiology of hiatal hernias? –
✔️
✔️If esophageal acid clearance is impaired, esophagitis can result.
Which of the following patients on a hospital medical unit is most clearly demonstrating the signs and
symptoms of liver failure? –
✔️
✔️A 44-year-old man with low hemoglobin levels, low platelet levels, and spider angiomas
A 42-year-old female patient with a long-standing history of chronic nausea and vomiting but a near-
insatiable appetite has had her symptoms attributed to an enzyme deficiency. Further diagnostic testing
indicates that she has inadequate pancreatic enzyme levels and that her large appetite is due to a lack of
enzyme control of food intake inhibition. In which of the following enzymes is the woman most likely
deficient? –
✔️
✔️Cholecystokinin
Which of the following measures would likely be rejected as part of a first-line weight loss plan for a
patient with a BMI of 30.2, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension? –
✔️
✔️Gastric bypass
While on tour, a 32-year-old male musician has presented to the emergency department of a hospital
after a concert complaining of severe and sudden abdominal pain. He admits to a history of copious
alcohol use in recent years, and his vital signs include a temperature of 38.8°C (101.8°F), blood pressure
of 89/48 mm Hg, and heart rate of 116 beats per minute. Blood work indicates that his serum levels of
C-reactive protein, amylase, and lipase are all elevated. Which of the following diagnoses would the care
team first suspect? –
✔️
✔️Acute pancreatitis
A 55-year-old man has been diagnosed with a hiatal hernia, in which the function of the lower
esophageal sphincter is compromised. Which of the following consequences of this condition is most
likely? –
Page 4 of 45
