REX-PN EXAM TERMS WITH DEFINATIONS
Epidermis
The outermost layer of skin is made up of stratified squamous epithelium.
Dermis
The middle layer of skin is made up of the papillary layer of areolar tissue and the
reticular layer of thick irregular connective tissue.
Hypodermis
A subcutaneous layer separates the integument from deeper tissues and organs.
Melanocytes
Melanin is manufactured from the amino acid tyrosine and packed in intracellular
vesicles known as melanosomes.
Melanin
Melanocytes create a brown, yellowish-brown, or black pigment.
Carotene
An orange-yellow pigment that often accumulates in epidermal cells; also found in
a number of orange vegetables.
Basal cell carcinoma.
The most prevalent type of skin cancer, it appears as a waxy lump and is caused by
overexposure to UV radiation in sunlight and tanning beds. It seldom metastasizes
and most individuals recover.
,Squamous cell carcinoma.
Second most common skin cancer; almost entirely limited to sun-exposed areas,
where it forms a hump with a rough surface and reddish patches; more prone to
metastasize than basal cell carcinoma.
Malignant melanoma
The most deadly type of skin cancer; abnormal melanocytes grow quickly and
spread through the lymphatic system; if identified early when still localized, cancer
can be surgically removed, and the 5-year survival rate is 99%... If not discovered
until metastasis has developed, the rate reduces to 14%.
A - have uneven shape.
B: usually irregular.
C: usually mottled
D: Any skin growth larger than 5mm in diameter is harmful.
E - typically raised beyond the skin surface.
Skin Exam: ABCDE
A is asymmetrical.
B - Border.
C - Color.
D - Diameter
E - elevation.
,Sebaceous glands.
Also known as oil glands, they secrete sebum, which coats the hair shaft and
provides lubrication while preventing the hair shaft from becoming dry and brittle.
They also have antimicrobial qualities.
Sebaceous Follicles.
Secrete onto the skin's surface; found on the face, back, chest, nipples, and external
genitalia.
Sweat glands
Produce watery fluid through merocrine secretion; Flush the epidermal surface;
Perform other unique activities.
Apocrine sweat glands
Found in armpits, around nipples, and groin; Secrete materials into hair follicles;
Produce sticky, hazy secretions; Degrade and create odors.
Merocrine Sweat Glands
release a watery fluid directly onto the skin's surface, specifically the palms and
soles.
Age-related changes to the integument
, fewer melanocytes, drier epidermis, thinning epidermis, impaired immunological
response, thinning dermis, decreased perspiration, reduced blood flow, slower skin
regeneration, fewer active follicles, altered hair and fat distribution
Keratin
a protein present in skin, hair, and nails that prevents both fluid loss via the skin
and excessive water intake, such as during swimming.
Macule
Flat, confined.
Papule
Small, solid elevation.
Vesicle or Blister.
thin wall, elevated, fluid-filled.
Ulcer
Cavity in tissue.
Nodule
Firm, elevated, deep.
Pustule
Epidermis
The outermost layer of skin is made up of stratified squamous epithelium.
Dermis
The middle layer of skin is made up of the papillary layer of areolar tissue and the
reticular layer of thick irregular connective tissue.
Hypodermis
A subcutaneous layer separates the integument from deeper tissues and organs.
Melanocytes
Melanin is manufactured from the amino acid tyrosine and packed in intracellular
vesicles known as melanosomes.
Melanin
Melanocytes create a brown, yellowish-brown, or black pigment.
Carotene
An orange-yellow pigment that often accumulates in epidermal cells; also found in
a number of orange vegetables.
Basal cell carcinoma.
The most prevalent type of skin cancer, it appears as a waxy lump and is caused by
overexposure to UV radiation in sunlight and tanning beds. It seldom metastasizes
and most individuals recover.
,Squamous cell carcinoma.
Second most common skin cancer; almost entirely limited to sun-exposed areas,
where it forms a hump with a rough surface and reddish patches; more prone to
metastasize than basal cell carcinoma.
Malignant melanoma
The most deadly type of skin cancer; abnormal melanocytes grow quickly and
spread through the lymphatic system; if identified early when still localized, cancer
can be surgically removed, and the 5-year survival rate is 99%... If not discovered
until metastasis has developed, the rate reduces to 14%.
A - have uneven shape.
B: usually irregular.
C: usually mottled
D: Any skin growth larger than 5mm in diameter is harmful.
E - typically raised beyond the skin surface.
Skin Exam: ABCDE
A is asymmetrical.
B - Border.
C - Color.
D - Diameter
E - elevation.
,Sebaceous glands.
Also known as oil glands, they secrete sebum, which coats the hair shaft and
provides lubrication while preventing the hair shaft from becoming dry and brittle.
They also have antimicrobial qualities.
Sebaceous Follicles.
Secrete onto the skin's surface; found on the face, back, chest, nipples, and external
genitalia.
Sweat glands
Produce watery fluid through merocrine secretion; Flush the epidermal surface;
Perform other unique activities.
Apocrine sweat glands
Found in armpits, around nipples, and groin; Secrete materials into hair follicles;
Produce sticky, hazy secretions; Degrade and create odors.
Merocrine Sweat Glands
release a watery fluid directly onto the skin's surface, specifically the palms and
soles.
Age-related changes to the integument
, fewer melanocytes, drier epidermis, thinning epidermis, impaired immunological
response, thinning dermis, decreased perspiration, reduced blood flow, slower skin
regeneration, fewer active follicles, altered hair and fat distribution
Keratin
a protein present in skin, hair, and nails that prevents both fluid loss via the skin
and excessive water intake, such as during swimming.
Macule
Flat, confined.
Papule
Small, solid elevation.
Vesicle or Blister.
thin wall, elevated, fluid-filled.
Ulcer
Cavity in tissue.
Nodule
Firm, elevated, deep.
Pustule
