Chapter 10: Hereditary and Environmental Influences on Development
Test Bank
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. How can a woman avoid exposing her fetus to teratogens?
a. Update her immunizations during the first trimester of her pregnancy.
b. Use saunas and hot tubs during the winter months only.
c. Use only class A drugs during her pregnancy.
d. Use alcoholic beverages only in the first and third trimesters of pregnancy.
ANS: C
Feedback
A Immunizations, such as rubella, are contraindicated in pregnancy.
B Maternal hyperthermia is an important teratogen.
C In well-controlled studies, class A drugs have no demonstrated fetal risk.
D Alcohol is an environmental substance known to be teratogenic.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p. 194
OBJ: Nursing Process: Planning MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
2. The karyotype of a person is 47, XY, +21. This person is a
a. Normal male
b. Male with Down syndrome
c. Normal female
d. Female with Turner syndrome
ANS: B
Feedback
A A normal male has 46 chromosomes.
B This person is male because his sex chromosomes are XY. He has one extra
copy of chromosome 21 (for a total of 47 instead of 46), resulting in Down
syndrome.
C A normal female has 46 chromosomes and XX for the sex chromosomes.
D A female with Turner syndrome has 45 chromosomes; the sex chromosomes
have just one X.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 191
OBJ: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Physiologic Integrity
3. People who have two copies of the same abnormal autosomal dominant gene will usually be
a. More severely affected by the disorder than will people with one copy of the gene
b. Infertile and unable to transmit the gene
c. Carriers of the trait but not affected with the disorder
d. Mildly affected with the disorder
, ANS: A
Feedback
A People who have two copies of an abnormal gene are usually more severely
affected by the disorder because they have no normal gene to maintain normal
function.
B Infertility may or may not be caused by chromosomal defects.
C A carrier of a trait has one recessive gene.
D Those mildly affected with the disorder will have only one copy of the abnormal
gene.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 191
OBJ: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Physiologic Integrity
4. A baby is born with blood type AB. The father is type A, and the mother is type B. The father
asks why the baby has a blood type different from those of his parents. The nurse’s answer
should be based on the knowledge that
a. Both A and B blood types are dominant.
b. The baby has a mutation of the parents’ blood types.
c. Type A is recessive and links more easily with type B.
d. Types A and B are recessive when linked together.
ANS: A
Feedback
A Types A and B are equally dominant, and the baby can thus inherit one from
each parent.
B The infant has inherited both blood types from the parents; it is not a mutation.
C Both types A and B are equally dominant.
D Both types A and B are dominant.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 190
OBJ: Nursing Process: Implementation MSC: Client Needs: Physiologic Integrity
5. Which statement is true of multifactorial disorders?
a. They may not be evident until later in life.
b. They are usually present and detectable at birth.
c. The disorders are characterized by multiple defects.
d. Secondary defects are rarely associated with multifactorial disease.
ANS: B
Feedback
A They are usually detectable at birth.
B Multifactorial disorders result from an interaction between a person’s genetic
susceptibility and environmental conditions that favor development of the defect.
They are characteristically present and detectable at birth.
Test Bank
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. How can a woman avoid exposing her fetus to teratogens?
a. Update her immunizations during the first trimester of her pregnancy.
b. Use saunas and hot tubs during the winter months only.
c. Use only class A drugs during her pregnancy.
d. Use alcoholic beverages only in the first and third trimesters of pregnancy.
ANS: C
Feedback
A Immunizations, such as rubella, are contraindicated in pregnancy.
B Maternal hyperthermia is an important teratogen.
C In well-controlled studies, class A drugs have no demonstrated fetal risk.
D Alcohol is an environmental substance known to be teratogenic.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p. 194
OBJ: Nursing Process: Planning MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
2. The karyotype of a person is 47, XY, +21. This person is a
a. Normal male
b. Male with Down syndrome
c. Normal female
d. Female with Turner syndrome
ANS: B
Feedback
A A normal male has 46 chromosomes.
B This person is male because his sex chromosomes are XY. He has one extra
copy of chromosome 21 (for a total of 47 instead of 46), resulting in Down
syndrome.
C A normal female has 46 chromosomes and XX for the sex chromosomes.
D A female with Turner syndrome has 45 chromosomes; the sex chromosomes
have just one X.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 191
OBJ: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Physiologic Integrity
3. People who have two copies of the same abnormal autosomal dominant gene will usually be
a. More severely affected by the disorder than will people with one copy of the gene
b. Infertile and unable to transmit the gene
c. Carriers of the trait but not affected with the disorder
d. Mildly affected with the disorder
, ANS: A
Feedback
A People who have two copies of an abnormal gene are usually more severely
affected by the disorder because they have no normal gene to maintain normal
function.
B Infertility may or may not be caused by chromosomal defects.
C A carrier of a trait has one recessive gene.
D Those mildly affected with the disorder will have only one copy of the abnormal
gene.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 191
OBJ: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Physiologic Integrity
4. A baby is born with blood type AB. The father is type A, and the mother is type B. The father
asks why the baby has a blood type different from those of his parents. The nurse’s answer
should be based on the knowledge that
a. Both A and B blood types are dominant.
b. The baby has a mutation of the parents’ blood types.
c. Type A is recessive and links more easily with type B.
d. Types A and B are recessive when linked together.
ANS: A
Feedback
A Types A and B are equally dominant, and the baby can thus inherit one from
each parent.
B The infant has inherited both blood types from the parents; it is not a mutation.
C Both types A and B are equally dominant.
D Both types A and B are dominant.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 190
OBJ: Nursing Process: Implementation MSC: Client Needs: Physiologic Integrity
5. Which statement is true of multifactorial disorders?
a. They may not be evident until later in life.
b. They are usually present and detectable at birth.
c. The disorders are characterized by multiple defects.
d. Secondary defects are rarely associated with multifactorial disease.
ANS: B
Feedback
A They are usually detectable at birth.
B Multifactorial disorders result from an interaction between a person’s genetic
susceptibility and environmental conditions that favor development of the defect.
They are characteristically present and detectable at birth.
