PSYC 435 Abnormal Psychology Quiz 1
Complete Rated A
What is the central idea of the more current biopsychosocial per-spective?
Correct Answer -acknowledges that biological, psychological, and social
factors all interact and play a role in psychopathology and treatment and
the cultural context of these influences how we think about behavior
What is the relationship between an individual's genotype and
phenotype, and how can genotypes shape and interact with the
environment?
Correct Answer -Genotype: A person's total genetic endowment
Phenotype: The observed structural and functional characteristics that
result from an interaction of the genotype and the environment
Genotypes shape the environment/the environment affects genes:
passive effect: resulting from the genetic similarity of parents and
children
evocative effect: genotype may evoke particular kinds of reactions from
the social and physical environment
active effect. seeking out or building an environment that is congenial—
"niche building."
Three methods for studying genetic influences on abnormal behavior
Correct Answer -family history (or pedigree) method
twin method
adoption method
,What do we mean by "neural plasticity"?
Correct Answer -The ability to form new connections in the brain
Describe the sequence of events involved in the transmission of nerve
impulses
Correct Answer -Nerve impulses travel from the cell body or dendrites of
the presynaptic neuron (nerve cell) down the axon to axon endings.
Neurotransmitters are released into the synapse to specialised receptor
sites on the dendrites or cell body of the postsynaptic neuron
The neurotransmitters can stimulate that neuron to either initiate or
inhibit an impulse transmission.
Explain how neurotransmitter and hormonal abnormalities might
produce abnormal behavior.
Correct Answer -Excessive production and release of the
neurotransmitter substance into the synapses increasing levels
Dysfunctions in deactivation (reuptake or degradation)
Abnormally sensitive/insensitive receptors in the postsynaptic neuron
What is temperament, and why is it important for the origins of abnormal
behavior?
Correct Answer -Inclinations and preferences from birth
Contrast the newer psychodynamic perspectives—ego psychology,
object-relations theory, and the interpersonal and attachment theory
perspectives—with the earlier, Freudian perspective.
Correct Answer -Freudian:
ID desire - Ego mediator with reality - Superego executive personality
, inner mental conflicts arise because the three sub-systems are striving for
different goals. If unresolved, these intrapsychic conflicts lead to mental
disorder.
Ego Psychology:
ego performs as the executive
psychopathology develops when the ego does not function adequately to
control or delay impulse gratification or does not make adequate use of
defence mechanisms when faced with internal conflicts.
Object-relations:
individuals' interactions with real and imagined other people (external
and internal objects) and on the relationships that people experience
between their external and internal objects.
Interpersonal:
psychopathology is rooted in the unfortunate tendencies we have
developed while dealing with our interpersonal environments
Attachment Theory:
emphasizes the importance of early experience, especially early
experience with attachment relationships, as laying the foundation for
later functioning throughout childhood, adolescence, and adulthood
How do classical and operant conditioning, generalisation,
discrimination, and observational learning contribute to the origins of
abnormal behaviour?
Correct Answer -Classical:
animals (and people) actively acquire information about what CSs allow
them to predict, expect, or prepare for an upcoming biologically
significant event (the UCS)
Abnormal behaviour is conditioned
Operant:
Complete Rated A
What is the central idea of the more current biopsychosocial per-spective?
Correct Answer -acknowledges that biological, psychological, and social
factors all interact and play a role in psychopathology and treatment and
the cultural context of these influences how we think about behavior
What is the relationship between an individual's genotype and
phenotype, and how can genotypes shape and interact with the
environment?
Correct Answer -Genotype: A person's total genetic endowment
Phenotype: The observed structural and functional characteristics that
result from an interaction of the genotype and the environment
Genotypes shape the environment/the environment affects genes:
passive effect: resulting from the genetic similarity of parents and
children
evocative effect: genotype may evoke particular kinds of reactions from
the social and physical environment
active effect. seeking out or building an environment that is congenial—
"niche building."
Three methods for studying genetic influences on abnormal behavior
Correct Answer -family history (or pedigree) method
twin method
adoption method
,What do we mean by "neural plasticity"?
Correct Answer -The ability to form new connections in the brain
Describe the sequence of events involved in the transmission of nerve
impulses
Correct Answer -Nerve impulses travel from the cell body or dendrites of
the presynaptic neuron (nerve cell) down the axon to axon endings.
Neurotransmitters are released into the synapse to specialised receptor
sites on the dendrites or cell body of the postsynaptic neuron
The neurotransmitters can stimulate that neuron to either initiate or
inhibit an impulse transmission.
Explain how neurotransmitter and hormonal abnormalities might
produce abnormal behavior.
Correct Answer -Excessive production and release of the
neurotransmitter substance into the synapses increasing levels
Dysfunctions in deactivation (reuptake or degradation)
Abnormally sensitive/insensitive receptors in the postsynaptic neuron
What is temperament, and why is it important for the origins of abnormal
behavior?
Correct Answer -Inclinations and preferences from birth
Contrast the newer psychodynamic perspectives—ego psychology,
object-relations theory, and the interpersonal and attachment theory
perspectives—with the earlier, Freudian perspective.
Correct Answer -Freudian:
ID desire - Ego mediator with reality - Superego executive personality
, inner mental conflicts arise because the three sub-systems are striving for
different goals. If unresolved, these intrapsychic conflicts lead to mental
disorder.
Ego Psychology:
ego performs as the executive
psychopathology develops when the ego does not function adequately to
control or delay impulse gratification or does not make adequate use of
defence mechanisms when faced with internal conflicts.
Object-relations:
individuals' interactions with real and imagined other people (external
and internal objects) and on the relationships that people experience
between their external and internal objects.
Interpersonal:
psychopathology is rooted in the unfortunate tendencies we have
developed while dealing with our interpersonal environments
Attachment Theory:
emphasizes the importance of early experience, especially early
experience with attachment relationships, as laying the foundation for
later functioning throughout childhood, adolescence, and adulthood
How do classical and operant conditioning, generalisation,
discrimination, and observational learning contribute to the origins of
abnormal behaviour?
Correct Answer -Classical:
animals (and people) actively acquire information about what CSs allow
them to predict, expect, or prepare for an upcoming biologically
significant event (the UCS)
Abnormal behaviour is conditioned
Operant:
