General Chemistry for Health Sciences
Exam 1 | Latest Version | 2024/2025 |
Rated A+
What is the role of electrolytes in maintaining cellular function and how do they influence bodily
fluids?
✔✔ Electrolytes, such as sodium, potassium, and chloride, help maintain fluid balance, nerve
function, and muscle contraction, influencing the osmotic pressure and pH of bodily fluids.
How is the concept of osmosis relevant to understanding fluid balance in the human body?
✔✔ Osmosis involves the movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane from an area
of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration, which is crucial for
regulating the volume and composition of bodily fluids.
What is the importance of pH regulation in blood and how is it maintained in the body?
✔✔ Blood pH is tightly regulated between 7.35 and 7.45 through buffer systems, respiratory
control, and renal function to ensure proper enzyme activity and metabolic processes.
How does the body utilize carbohydrates, proteins, and fats in metabolism, and what are the
chemical processes involved?
1
, ✔✔ Carbohydrates are broken down into glucose for energy, proteins are hydrolyzed into amino
acids for synthesis of new proteins and energy, and fats are metabolized into fatty acids and
glycerol, which are used for energy and cell structure.
What is the role of enzymes in biochemical reactions, and how do they affect reaction rates?
✔✔ Enzymes are biological catalysts that lower the activation energy required for biochemical
reactions, thereby increasing the rate at which reactions occur in the body.
How does the concept of equilibrium apply to physiological processes such as gas exchange in
the lungs?
✔✔ Gas exchange in the lungs occurs through a process of dynamic equilibrium, where oxygen
and carbon dioxide diffuse across the alveolar-capillary membrane to equalize their partial
pressures in the blood and air.
What are the implications of dehydration on cellular and organ function, and how is it managed?
✔✔ Dehydration can impair cellular function and organ performance by disrupting electrolyte
balance and reducing blood volume. It is managed by rehydrating with fluids and electrolytes to
restore normal physiological function.
2
Exam 1 | Latest Version | 2024/2025 |
Rated A+
What is the role of electrolytes in maintaining cellular function and how do they influence bodily
fluids?
✔✔ Electrolytes, such as sodium, potassium, and chloride, help maintain fluid balance, nerve
function, and muscle contraction, influencing the osmotic pressure and pH of bodily fluids.
How is the concept of osmosis relevant to understanding fluid balance in the human body?
✔✔ Osmosis involves the movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane from an area
of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration, which is crucial for
regulating the volume and composition of bodily fluids.
What is the importance of pH regulation in blood and how is it maintained in the body?
✔✔ Blood pH is tightly regulated between 7.35 and 7.45 through buffer systems, respiratory
control, and renal function to ensure proper enzyme activity and metabolic processes.
How does the body utilize carbohydrates, proteins, and fats in metabolism, and what are the
chemical processes involved?
1
, ✔✔ Carbohydrates are broken down into glucose for energy, proteins are hydrolyzed into amino
acids for synthesis of new proteins and energy, and fats are metabolized into fatty acids and
glycerol, which are used for energy and cell structure.
What is the role of enzymes in biochemical reactions, and how do they affect reaction rates?
✔✔ Enzymes are biological catalysts that lower the activation energy required for biochemical
reactions, thereby increasing the rate at which reactions occur in the body.
How does the concept of equilibrium apply to physiological processes such as gas exchange in
the lungs?
✔✔ Gas exchange in the lungs occurs through a process of dynamic equilibrium, where oxygen
and carbon dioxide diffuse across the alveolar-capillary membrane to equalize their partial
pressures in the blood and air.
What are the implications of dehydration on cellular and organ function, and how is it managed?
✔✔ Dehydration can impair cellular function and organ performance by disrupting electrolyte
balance and reducing blood volume. It is managed by rehydrating with fluids and electrolytes to
restore normal physiological function.
2
