Medical Surgical nursing – Endocrine Exam Test Question and Answer
Corticosteroids
Answer: released by adrenal cortex, effect every cell on the body. used to treat adrenocortical disorders,
immunosuppression, and reduce inflammation
Common corticosteroids
Answer: hydrocortisone, methylprednisolone, prednisone, dexamethasone
uses of corticosteroids
Answer: allergies, Addison's, inflammation, cerebral edema, anaphylactic reaction
Corticosteroid side effects
Answer: sodium retention, nausea, acne, anxiety, insomnia, mood swings, increased appetite, impaired
wound healing, masks infections
corticosteroid nursing implications
Answer: monitor weight, b/p, blood sugar, cushingoid signs, stress level, infection. Sudden withdrawal
can be fatal, decrease effectiveness of anti diabetic agents, combing with aspirin and NSAIDS increase
risk for ulcers, non-potassium sparing diuretics may lead to hypocalcemia and hypokalemia,
corticosteroids patient education
Answer: timing of doses, tapering is required, eat potassium rich foods, monitor for signs of infection,
and adrenal insufficiency,
corticosteroid categories
Answer: glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids
Addison's disease
Answer: primary adrenal insufficiency.
occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce enough of the hormones cortisol or aldosterone
secondary adrenal insufficiency
Answer: due to a deficiency of ACTH,
damage to the pituitary gland causing hypocortisolism.
symptoms of adrenal insufficiency
Answer: starts gradually, fatigue, muscle weakness, weight loss, low b/p, hyper pigmentation.
Function of insulin
Answer: assist in glucose transport into cells, stimulate storage of glucose in the liver, signal liver to stop
release of glucose, enhances storage of adipose tissue, transport of amino acids
categories of insulin
Answer: rapid acting
short acting
intermediate acting
, very long acting
Rapid acting insulin
Answer: novolog, humalog, onset 10-30 minutes, peak 30 minutes to 3 hours. duration 3-6 hours
Short acting insulin
Answer: humulin R, novolin R.
onset 30-60 minutes, peak 1-5 hours, duration 6-10 hours
intermediate acting insulin
Answer: NPH, humulin N, novolin N, onset 1-2 hours, Peak 6-14 hours, duration 16-25 hours
Long acting insulin
Answer: levemir, lantus. Onset 1-2 hours, no peak, duration 24 hours
Oral hyperglycemics
Answer: used with type 2 diabetes who cannot be treated with diet and exercise alone
insulin nursing implications
Answer: accuracy of dose, do not interchange insulin, monitor blood glucose level, monitor activity level,
subcutaneous, rotate injection site, make sure other treatment regimens are being utilized, weekly
weight
insulin patient education
Answer: side effects, educate on sites and technique, educate on process of diabetes mellitus, carry id
alert, how to recognize hypo and hyperglycemia, smoking decreases insulin absorption, glucose testing,
diet, exercise
type 1 diabetes
Answer: disorder in which the body cannot produce enough insulin, diagnosed young, have islet cell
antibodies, little to no insulin production,
type 2 diabetes
Answer: progressive disorder in which body cells become less responsive to insulin
onset usually after 30 years old, obese, no islet cell antibodies, decrease insulin production with time
due to insulin resistance
islets of langerhans
Answer: areas of pancreatic cells that produce insulin and glucagon
complications of insulin injections
Answer: hypoglycemia, lipoatrophy, lipohypertrophy,
lipohypertrophy
Answer: buildup of subcutaneous fat at the site of repeated injections
Corticosteroids
Answer: released by adrenal cortex, effect every cell on the body. used to treat adrenocortical disorders,
immunosuppression, and reduce inflammation
Common corticosteroids
Answer: hydrocortisone, methylprednisolone, prednisone, dexamethasone
uses of corticosteroids
Answer: allergies, Addison's, inflammation, cerebral edema, anaphylactic reaction
Corticosteroid side effects
Answer: sodium retention, nausea, acne, anxiety, insomnia, mood swings, increased appetite, impaired
wound healing, masks infections
corticosteroid nursing implications
Answer: monitor weight, b/p, blood sugar, cushingoid signs, stress level, infection. Sudden withdrawal
can be fatal, decrease effectiveness of anti diabetic agents, combing with aspirin and NSAIDS increase
risk for ulcers, non-potassium sparing diuretics may lead to hypocalcemia and hypokalemia,
corticosteroids patient education
Answer: timing of doses, tapering is required, eat potassium rich foods, monitor for signs of infection,
and adrenal insufficiency,
corticosteroid categories
Answer: glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids
Addison's disease
Answer: primary adrenal insufficiency.
occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce enough of the hormones cortisol or aldosterone
secondary adrenal insufficiency
Answer: due to a deficiency of ACTH,
damage to the pituitary gland causing hypocortisolism.
symptoms of adrenal insufficiency
Answer: starts gradually, fatigue, muscle weakness, weight loss, low b/p, hyper pigmentation.
Function of insulin
Answer: assist in glucose transport into cells, stimulate storage of glucose in the liver, signal liver to stop
release of glucose, enhances storage of adipose tissue, transport of amino acids
categories of insulin
Answer: rapid acting
short acting
intermediate acting
, very long acting
Rapid acting insulin
Answer: novolog, humalog, onset 10-30 minutes, peak 30 minutes to 3 hours. duration 3-6 hours
Short acting insulin
Answer: humulin R, novolin R.
onset 30-60 minutes, peak 1-5 hours, duration 6-10 hours
intermediate acting insulin
Answer: NPH, humulin N, novolin N, onset 1-2 hours, Peak 6-14 hours, duration 16-25 hours
Long acting insulin
Answer: levemir, lantus. Onset 1-2 hours, no peak, duration 24 hours
Oral hyperglycemics
Answer: used with type 2 diabetes who cannot be treated with diet and exercise alone
insulin nursing implications
Answer: accuracy of dose, do not interchange insulin, monitor blood glucose level, monitor activity level,
subcutaneous, rotate injection site, make sure other treatment regimens are being utilized, weekly
weight
insulin patient education
Answer: side effects, educate on sites and technique, educate on process of diabetes mellitus, carry id
alert, how to recognize hypo and hyperglycemia, smoking decreases insulin absorption, glucose testing,
diet, exercise
type 1 diabetes
Answer: disorder in which the body cannot produce enough insulin, diagnosed young, have islet cell
antibodies, little to no insulin production,
type 2 diabetes
Answer: progressive disorder in which body cells become less responsive to insulin
onset usually after 30 years old, obese, no islet cell antibodies, decrease insulin production with time
due to insulin resistance
islets of langerhans
Answer: areas of pancreatic cells that produce insulin and glucagon
complications of insulin injections
Answer: hypoglycemia, lipoatrophy, lipohypertrophy,
lipohypertrophy
Answer: buildup of subcutaneous fat at the site of repeated injections
